LANGUAGE IN INDIA Strength for Today and Bright Hope for Tomorrow Volume 15:1 January 2015 ISSN 1930-2940 Managing Editor: M. S. Thirumalai, Ph.D. Editors: B. Mallikarjun, Ph.D. Sam Mohanlal, Ph.D. B. A. Sharada, Ph.D. A. R. Fatihi, Ph.D. Lakhan Gusain, Ph.D. Jennifer Marie Bayer, Ph.D. S. M. Ravichandran, Ph.D. G. Baskaran, Ph.D. L. Ramamoorthy, Ph.D. C. Subburaman, Ph.D. (Economics) N. Nadaraja Pillai, Ph.D. Assistant Managing Editor: Swarna Thirumalai, M.A. Materials published in Language in India www.languageinindia.com are indexed in EBSCOHost database, MLA International Bibliography and the Directory of Periodicals, ProQuest (Linguistics and Language Behavior Abstracts) and Gale Research. The journal is listed in the Directory of Open Access Journals. It is included in the Cabell’s Directory, a leading directory in the USA. Articles published in Language in India are peer-reviewed by one or more members of the Board of Editors or an outside scholar who is a specialist in the related field. Since the dissertations are already reviewed by the University-appointed examiners, dissertations accepted for publication in Language in India are not reviewed again. This is our 15th year of publication. All back issues of the journal are accessible through this link: http://languageinindia.com/backissues/2001.html Contents Collapse of Values as Picturised in John Updike’s Novels - Rabbit, Run and Rabbit Redux R. Aarthy, M.A., M.Phil. 1-12 Language in India www.languageinindia.com ISSN 1930-2940 15:1 January 2015 List of Contents i Potentials of Post-MT Editing as a Teaching Method to Promote Translation Quality & Time Spent Mohammed Mohammed Al-Aqeeli Dr. B. S. Jadhav 13-20 Rhyme and Phonemic Awareness Skills in Kannada Speaking Children with Cerebral Palsy Angel Mercy Ruby Selvakumar, MASLP Sunila John, Ph.D. G Kanaka, Ph.D. B Rajashekhar, Ph.D. 21-35 Kala Ghoda Poems: Anguish Brought by Hypocrisy of Progress Dr. Mrs. Anisa G. Mujawar, M.A., M.Phil., Ph.D. 36-45 Politeness Strategies and Address Forms Used by Filipino Domestic Helpers in Addressing Their Malaysian Employers Aries Dahan Gan, MESL Maya Khemlani David, Ph.D. Francisco Perlas Dumanig, Ph.D. 46-73 Theme of Suppression in the Selected Novels of Taslima Nasrin - Lajja and French Lover A. Aruna Devi, M.A., M.Phil. 74-84 Case in Reang Y. Arunima Singha, Ph.D. Research Scholar 85-90 Rituporno’s First Person An Inward Journey Barnali Sikder, M.A., B.Ed. 91-94 Numerals in Hrangkhawl Surath Debbarma, Ph.D. Scholar 95-100 The Theme of Love and Marriage in Jane Austen’s Novels: Pride and Prejudice and Sense and Sensibility S. P. Guna Sundari, M.A., M.Phil. 101-117 Diasporic Experiences in Jhumpa Lahiri’s Interpreter of Maladies and Unaccustomed Earth C. G. Karthikadevi, M.A., M.Phil., M.Ed. 118-127 Desires and Conflicts in Female Bonding in Chitra Banerjee Divakaruni’s Novels: Sister of My Heart and Vine of Desire K. Nagajothi, M.A., M.Phil. 128-143 Language in India www.languageinindia.com ISSN 1930-2940 15:1 January 2015 List of Contents ii The Effect of Short Message Service (SMS) on Learning Phrasal Verbs by Iranian EFL Learners Parvin Pirasteh, M.A. Vahid Reza Mirzaeian, Ph.D 144-161 A Thematic Study of Shobhaa De’s Novels -- Socialite Evenings and Second Thoughts D. Ponezhil, M.A., M.Phil. 162-170 Opinion of the High School Teachers about the Cancellation of the SSLC Examination – Masters Dissertation M. Raj Kumar 171-298 The Reasons for Disparity between the Language Institutions of Australia, Britain Canada and USA Reem Alsuhayyan, M.A. in Linguistics 299-305 ESL Instruction Based on Learning Style for the Faculty of Arts First Year Tamil Medium Undergraduates – University of Jaffna, Sri Lanka M. Saravanapava Iyer, Ph.D. 306-320 Cross-Cultural Interactions in Ruth Prawer Jhabvala’s Novels – Esmond in India and A Backward Place S. Selva Roja, M.A., M.Phil. 321-330 Fiction for Children and Young Adults in India: Critical Essays Dr. Shobha Ramaswamy 338-491 Kalpana Swaminathan’s Venus Crossing: Twelve Stories of Transit – A Projection of Postmodern Indian Women and the Crisis They Face M. Subha, M.A., M.Phil., Ph.D. Research Scholar and Dr. T. Jayasudha 492-505 Nouns and Pronouns in Uchai Tamojoy Brahma, M.A., M.Phil. 506-526 Comparative Study of Collocation among the Languages Mehrnoosh Agah and Afshin Soori 527-537 A Topic-Based Syllabus Design for a Conversation Course Afshin Soori and Marzie Ghaderi 538-546 Language in India www.languageinindia.com ISSN 1930-2940 15:1 January 2015 List of Contents iii Immigrants’ Experience in Michael Ondaatje’s Novels In The Skin of a Lion and The English Patient S. Poorna Mala Devi, M.A., M.Phil. 547-560 Language in India www.languageinindia.com ISSN 1930-2940 15:1 January 2015 List of Contents iv ================================================================= Language in India www.languageinindia.com ISSN 1930-2940 Vol. 15:1 January 2015 ================================================================= Collapse of Values as Picturised in John Updike’s Novels - Rabbit, Run and Rabbit Redux R. Aarthy, M.A., M.Phil. ======================================================= John Updike (1932-2009) Courtesy: http://www.clivejames.com/updikeslast Abstract The paper entitled Collapse of Values as Picturised in John Updike’s Novels, Rabbit, Run and Rabbit Redux attempts to picturise how values collapse in American culture and society. John Updike is one of the most prolific and important American Novelists. The Former Novel Rabbit, Run is unified around Rabbit’s impulse for the natural and the consequences of this impulse. Rabbit, as a “Noble” urban savage, images modern man’s traditionless character and portends his concomitant problems. The latter novel Rabbit Redux deals with the Collapse of values as depicted in itself. It is an attempt to depict the tumult of the era as it happens in contemporary American culture. The apocalyptic interpretation of twentieth century life is presented in Rabbit Redux through the annihilation resulting from the loss human values. Updike devised for himself a style of narration, an Language in India www.languageinindia.com ISSN 1930-2940 15:1 January 2015 R. Aarthy, M.A., M.Phil. 1 Collapse of Values as Picturised in John Updike’s Novels - Rabbit, Run and Rabbit Redux intense, present tense and free indirect style. The Rabbit novels were written by Updike in the present tense. Updike vividly portrays the collapse of values in American culture and society through his novels Rabbit, Run and Rabbit Redux. Keywords Racism, American pragmatism, Hippies and Colloquialism. John Updike – Love of Words and Ideas John Updike is considered one of the greatest American fiction writers of twentieth century. He is a prodigy. His natural talent is so great that for some time it has been a positive handicap to him, in a small way by exposing him from an early age to a great deal of head- turning praise and in a large way by continually getting out of hand. His love of words and ideas for their own sake is almost Joycean. Updike’s style is as winning and as polished as the people from whose voice it derives. Careful Craftsmanship and Unique Prose Style Updike was well recognized for his careful craftsmanship, his unique prose style, and his prolificness. Updike populated his fiction with characters that “frequently experience personal turmoil and must respond to crises relating to religion, family, obligations, and marital infidelity. His fiction is distinguished by its attention to the concerns, passions, and suffering of average Americans. His work has attracted a significant amount of critical attention and praise. Principal Themes The principal themes in Updike’s work are religion, sex and American as well as death. Updike wrote about America with a certain nostalgia, reverence, and recognition and celebration of America’s broad diversity. Updike’s fiction always shows the dramatic moods of characters. His heroes have heroic tendencies but they seem to be heading to an absurd Language in India www.languageinindia.com ISSN 1930-2940 15:1 January 2015 R. Aarthy, M.A., M.Phil. 2 Collapse of Values as Picturised in John Updike’s Novels - Rabbit, Run and Rabbit Redux ending-probably less tragic in a sense. Updike’s hero often finds himself in a cell made of women-his mother, his mistress and his wife. He has a feeling that life is pinned between anarchic and holistic impulses continually expressed in sexual ambivalences. The hero is often bewitched between his mistress and wife finding his destiny in sexual calamity. The various themes that Updike hastened to explore in his fiction take the shapes of dualisms: life vs death, the individual vs society, and love vs hate, matter vs spirit and intuition vs Christian institution. Updike looks very much concerned with the problems of the human heart in conflict with itself. Focus of This Study Among the novels of John Updike Rabbit, Run and Rabbit, Redux are chosen for this paper with the title “Collapse of Values as Picturised in John Updike’s Novels: Rabbit, Run and Rabbit Redux.” Through these novels, Updike attempts to picturise how values collapse in American culture and society. The Rabbit novels serve as a fictionalized time-line of the post-war American experience. Rabbit, Run Language in India www.languageinindia.com ISSN 1930-2940 15:1 January 2015 R. Aarthy, M.A., M.Phil. 3 Collapse of Values as Picturised in John Updike’s Novels - Rabbit, Run and Rabbit Redux Rabbit, Run is Updike’s first full-length consideration of the way sexual dissatisfaction and marital tension mask religious questing. The protagonist Harry Angstrom is meant to be a type of American “everyman”.