European Trade Union Institute Bd du Roi Albert II, 5 1210 Brussels Belgium +32 (0)2 224 04 70 [email protected] www.etui.org Social policy in the European Union 1999-2019: the long and winding road Social policy in the Edited by Bart Vanhercke, Dalila Ghailani and Slavina Spasova, with Philippe Pochet European Union 1999-2019: Fugiam, quia aut in earibus plab inciat etur, velic to conecessim etur? the long and winding road Lestem lantum vent rat essinvel maio eum dolume cus, nim aspicip itaerisim eat aut ut doloruptatem nobisci endipsam et dolesto magnihita velendi te plit accum dis qui dolessi — dolore, aut qui duntur siminctate at explat iduntem quia con nam ute asperum et voluptiis reprae maior reped ut mosandi tionsec totatios alisin post rem nus porem aute mosam est Edited by explaceat. 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Social policy in the European Union 1999-2019: the long and winding road Social policy in the European Union 1999-2019: the long and winding road — Edited by Bart Vanhercke, Dalila Ghailani and Slavina Spasova with Philippe Pochet European Trade Union Institute (ETUI) European Social Observatory (OSE) Quoting this publication: Vanhercke B., Ghailani D. and Spasova S. with Pochet P. (eds.) (2020) Social policy in the European Union 1999-2019: the long and winding road, Brussels, European Trade Union Institute (ETUI) and European Social Observatory (OSE), 230 p. ETUI publications are published to elicit comment and to encourage debate. The views expressed are those of the author(s) alone and do not necessarily represent the views of the ETUI nor those of the members of its general assembly. Brussels, 2020 © Publisher: ETUI aisbl, Brussels All rights reserved Print: ETUI Printshop, Brussels D/2020/10.574/02 ISBN: 978-2-87452-549-0 (print version) ISBN: 978-2-87452-550-6 (electronic version) Report commissioned from the European Social Observatory, asbl by the European Trade Union Institute and the European Trade Union Confederation. The ETUI receives financial support from the European Union. The European Union is not responsible for any use made of the information contained in this publication. Contents Preface ..................................................................................................................................................................................9 Philippe Pochet Chapter 1 Twenty years of the publication ‘Social policy in the European Union’: what have we learned? ..... 13 Introduction ..................................................................................................................................................................... 13 1. From the Treaty of Amsterdam to the Open Methods of Coordination: the ‘social period’ (1997–2005) .......................................................................................................................................................... 15 2. From the enlargement to the crisis: from no European social dimension to a questioning of European social policies (2005–2015) .................................................................................................... 18 3. A new start for the EU’s social dimension? (2015–present) .................................................................. 24 Conclusion ........................................................................................................................................................................ 28 Annex ................................................................................................................................................................................. 34 Amy Verdun and Valerie D’Erman Chapter 2 Two decades of change in Europe: post-crisis social policymaking in the EU .................................... 37 Introduction ..................................................................................................................................................................... 37 1. Social policymaking in the EU: key steps and debates ............................................................................ 40 2. The institutional architecture of the EU after 20 years of EMU ........................................................... 43 3. Ongoing challenges to ‘Social Europe’ ........................................................................................................... 46 Conclusion ........................................................................................................................................................................ 49 Sacha Garben Chapter 3 Balancing fundamental social and economic rights in the EU: in search of a better method .... 57 Introduction ..................................................................................................................................................................... 57 1. ‘Social sore spots’: where social and economic rights clash .................................................................... 58 2. Towards a better balancing of fundamental social and economic rights .......................................... 65 Conclusion and outlook ............................................................................................................................................... 68 Social policy in the European Union 1999-2019: the long and winding road 5 Jean-Paul Tricart Chapter 4 Once upon a time there was the European social dialogue ....................................................................... 71 Introduction ..................................................................................................................................................................... 71 1. The Delors Commissions (1985–1995): creation of a contractual relations area at European level ....................................................................................................................................................... 74 2. The Santer and Prodi Commissions (1995–2004): affirmation of the European social dialogue by collective negotiation and high-level concertation ........................................................... 78 3. The Barroso Commissions (2005–2014): first tensions, then exasperation ..................................... 84 4. The Juncker Commission (2014–2019): uncertain times – expectations, hopes and disappointments ..................................................................................................................................................... 88 Conclusion ........................................................................................................................................................................ 93 Bart Vanhercke Chapter 5 From the Lisbon strategy to the European Pillar of Social Rights: the many lives of the Social Open Method of Coordination .................................................................................................................. 99 Introduction ..................................................................................................................................................................... 99 1. Experimenting: a proliferation of OMCs after Lisbon (2000-2004) .................................................101 2. Streamlining: rolling back and growing teeth for the Social OMC (2005–2006) ........................105 3. Capacity building: enhancing the OMC’s learning tools in splendid isolation (2007–2009) ....107 4. Marginalisation in the face of Europe 2020 and the Semester (2010–2011) .............................110 5. Reinvigoration: the Social Protection Committee ‘saves’