Summer 2020 Volume 16, Issue 2 An Acoustical Society of America publication The Tuning Fork: An Amazing Acoustics Apparatus Simulation + testing = optimized loudspeaker designs Acoustic pressure within a speaker box and the sound pressure level in the surrounding domain. A global leader in electronics rose to the top of the audio industry by adding multiphysics simulation to their design workflow. COMSOL Multiphysics® enables audio engineers to couple acoustics analyses and other physical phenomena to address design challenges inherent to loudspeaker and soundbar designs. The COMSOL Multiphysics® software is used for simulating designs, devices, and processes in all fields of engineering, manufacturing, and scientific research. See how you can apply it to your loudspeaker designs. comsol.blog/loudspeaker-design MICROPHONES FOR WHEN YOU CONSUMER GOODS TESTING ■■ A broad range of high quality products NEED TO TAKE at unbeatable prices A SOUND ■■ Shipped to you fast MEASUREMENT ■■ The best warranty in the business 1 800 828 8840 | pcb.com/consumergoods MTS Sensors, a division of MTS Systems Corporation (NASDAQ: MTSC), vastly expanded its range of products and solutions after MTS acquired PCB Piezotronics, Inc. in July, 2016. PCB Piezotronics, Inc. is a wholly owned subsidiary of MTS Systems Corp.; IMI Sensors and Larson Davis are divisions of PCB Piezotronics, Inc.; Accumetrics, Inc. and The Modal Shop, Inc. are subsidiaries of PCB Piezotronics, Inc. An Acoustical Society of America publication Summer 2020 Volume 16, Issue 2 7 ASA Statement on Racism and Injustice Sound Perspectives 8 From the Editor 73 Ask an Acoustician 10 From the President Subha Maruvada and Micheal L. Dent Featured Articles 77 JASA-EL to Become an Independent, “Gold-Level,” Open-Access Journal The Underwater Sound from Offshore 13 Charles C. Church Wind Farms Jennifer Amaral, Kathleen Vigness-Raposa, 79 A Perspective on Proceedings of James H. Miller, Gopu R. Potty, Arthur Newhall, Meetings on Acoustics and Ying-Tsong Lin Kent L. Gee, Megan S. Ballard, and Helen Wall Murray 22 Solving Complex Acoustic Problems Using High-Performance Computations 82 ASA Books Committee Gregory Bunting, Clark R. Dohrmann, Mark F. Hamilton Scott T. Miller, and Timothy F. Walsh 85 Data, Dinners, and Diapers: Traveling 31 Battlefield Acoustics in the First World with a Baby to a Scientific Conference War: Artillery Location Laura N. Kloepper Richard Daniel Costley Jr. 87 Work-Parenting Harmony Bioacoustic Attenuation Spectroscopy: 40 A New Approach to Monitoring Fish at Sea Tracianne B. Neilsen and Alison K. Stimpert Orest Diachok 91 Spooked! The Tuning Fork: An Amazing Lenny Rudow 48 Acoustics Apparatus Daniel A. Russell Departments 56 Speech Acoustics of the 84 ASA Press World’s Languages 93 Obituaries Benjamin V. Tucker and Richard Wright Whitlow Au | 1941–2020 Jan F. Lindberg | 1941–2020 The Adapted Ears of Big Cats and 65 Golden Moles: Exotic Outcomes of the Evolutionary Radiation of Mammals 6 Advertisers Index Edward J. Walsh and JoAnn McGee 76 Business Directory About the Cover Image from “The Tuning Fork: An Amazing Acoustics Apparatus” by Daniel A. Russell, on page 48. The image shows flexural bending modes for a tuning fork. 4 Acoustics Today • Summer 2020 Sound and Vibration Instrumentation Scantek, Inc. Sound Level Meters Vibration Meters Prediction Software Selection of sound level meters Vibration meters for measuring Software for prediction of for simple noise level overall vibration levels, simple to environmental noise, building measurements or advanced advanced FFT analysis and insulation and room acoustics acoustical analysis human exposure to vibration using the latest standards Building Acoustics Sound Localization Monitoring Systems for airborne sound Near-eld or far-eld sound Temporary or permanent remote transmission, impact insulation, localization and identication monitoring of noise or vibration STIPA, reverberation and other using Norsonic’s state of the art levels with notications of room acoustics measurements acoustic camera exceeded limits Specialized Test Systems Multi-Channel Systems Industrial Hygiene Impedance tubes, capacity and Multi-channel analyzers for Noise alert systems and volume measurement systems, sound power, vibration, building dosimeters for facility noise air-ow resistance measurement acoustics and FFT analysis in the monitoring or hearing devices and calibration systems laboratory or in the eld conservation programs Scantek, Inc. www.ScantekInc.com 800-224-3813 Summer 2020 • Acoustics Today 5 Editor Acoustical Society of America Arthur N. Popper | [email protected] The Acoustical Society of America was founded in 1929 “to generate, disseminate, and promote the knowledge Associate Editor and practical applications of acoustics.” Information Micheal L. Dent | [email protected] about the Society can be found on the website: Book Review Editor www.acousticalsociety.org. Philip L. Marston | [email protected] Membership includes a variety of benefits, a list of which can be found at the website: ASA Publications Staff www.acousticalsociety.org/asa-membership Kat Setzer, Editorial Assistant | [email protected] Helen A. Popper, AT Copyeditor | [email protected] Acoustics Today (ISSN 1557-0215, coden ATCODK) Liz Bury, Senior Managing Editor | [email protected] Summer 2020, volume 16, issue 2, is published quarterly by the Acoustical Society of America, Suite 300, 1305 Walt ASA Editor In Chief Whitman Rd., Melville, NY 11747-4300. Periodicals Post- James F. Lynch age rates are paid at Huntington Station, NY, and additional Allan D. Pierce, Emeritus mailing offices. POSTMASTER: Send address changes to Acoustical Society of America Acoustics Today, Acoustical Society of America, Suite 300, 1305 Walt Whitman Rd., Melville, NY 11747-4300. Diane Kewley-Port, President Stan E. Dosso, Vice President Copyright 2020, Acoustical Society of America. All rights reserved. Single Maureen Stone, President-Elect copies of individual articles may be made for private use or research. For Joseph R. Gladden, Vice President-Elect more information on obtaining permission to reproduce content from this publication, please see www.acousticalsociety.org. Judy R. Dubno, Treasurer Christopher J. Struck, Standards Director Susan E. Fox, Executive Director Advertisers Index ASA Web Development Office Brüel & Kjaer ......................................... Cover 4 Daniel Farrell | [email protected] www.bksv.com Visit the online edition of Acoustics Today at Commercial Acoustics ........................ Cover 3 AcousticsToday.org www.mfmca.com Comsol ................................................... Cover 2 www.comsol.com JLI Electronics ...................................... Page 76 www.jlielectronics.com NTI Audio AG ........................................ Page 12 www.nti-audio.com PCB Piezotronics, Inc. ....................... Page 3 www.pcb.com Publications Office Quiet Curtains ..................................... Page 76 P.O. Box 809, Mashpee, MA 02649 www.quietcurtains.com (508) 534-8645 Scantek ................................................. Page 5 www.scantekinc.com Follow us on Twitter @acousticsorg Advertising Sales & Production Please see important Acoustics Today disclaimer at Debbie Bott, Advertising Sales Manager www.acousticstoday.com/disclaimer. Acoustics Today, c/o AIPP, Advertising Dept 1305 Walt Whitman Rd, Suite 300, Melville, NY 11747-4300 Phone: (800) 247-2242 or (516) 576-2430 Fax: (516) 576-2481 | Email: [email protected] For information on rates and specifications, including display, business card and classified advertising, go to Acoustics Today Media Kit online at: https://publishing.aip.org/acousticstodayratecard or contact the Advertising staff. 6 Acoustics Today • Summer 2020 ASA Statement on Racism and Injustice The Acoustical Society of America (ASA) strongly supports racial justice movements and the fight against systemic racism. The brutal killings of Ahmaud Arbery, Michael Brown, Philando Castile, Jamar Clark, George Floyd, Eric Garner, Tamir Rice, Breonna Taylor, and countless others have incited outrage and highlighted the deeply rooted racial injustices that persist in this country. We, as members of the ASA, are equally outraged. We recognize the profoundly damaging effects that police brutality, mass incarceration, and economic, health, and educational inequities have on Black people and communities of color. It is our responsibility to actively oppose racial injustices and understand the impact of our own implicit biases, acknowledging that we are sometimes complicit within an oppressive system. The protests and current unrest in our nation and across the world are taking place amidst a global pandemic, which itself has disproportionately impacted people of color. The convergence of these events further highlights the urgent need for genuine change. ASA is firmly committed to fostering a diverse, equitable, and inclusive acoustics community as outlined in the ASA Policy on Diversity from 2013: The Acoustical Society of America (ASA) is committed to making acoustics more accessible to everyone, and asserts that all individuals, regardless of racial identity, ethnic background, sex, gender identity, sexual orientation, age, disability, religion, or national origin, must be provided equal opportunity in the field of acoustics. The Society upholds the belief that diversity enriches the field of acoustics, and is working to diversify its membership and the acoustics community in general by identifying