(9 WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION INTERNATIONAL AGENCY FOR RESEARCH ON CANCER IARC MONOGRAPHS ON THE EVALUATION OF THE CARCINOGENIC RISK OF CHEMICALS TO HUMANS Wood, Leather and Sorne Associated Industries VOLUME 25 This publication represents the views and expert opinions of an IARC Working Group on the Evaluation of the Carcinogenic Risk of Chemicals to Humans which met in Lyon, 3-10 June 1980 February 1981 INTERNATIONAL AGENCY FOR RESEARCH ON CANCER IARC MONOGRAPHS ln 1971, the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) initiated a programme on the evaluation of the carcinogenic risk of chemicals to humans involving the production of critically evaluated monographs on individual chemicals. 1 n 1980, the programme was expanded to include the evaluation of the carcinogenic risk associated with employment in specifie occupations. The objective of the programme is to elaborate and publish in the form of monographs critical reviews of data on carcinogenicity for chemicals and complex mixtures to which humans are known to be exposed, and on specifie occupational exposures, to evaluate these data in terms of human risk with the help of international working groups of experts in chemical carcinogenesis and related fields, and to indicate where additional research efforts are needed. International Agency for Research on Cancer 1981 ISBN 9283212258 PRINTED lN SWITZERLAND 3 CONTENTS LIST OF PARTICIPANTS. .. 5 NOTE TO THE READER.... .. ............ ...... ........... ...... ......... 9 PREAMBLE . .. 11 Background. .. 11 Objective and Scope . .. 11 New Undertaking . .. 12 Selection of Complex Mixtures and of Occupations for Monographs . .. 12 Working Procedures. .. 13 Data for Evaluations. .. 13 The Working Group. '.' . .. 14 General Principles for Evaluating the Carcinogenic Risk of Exposures in Occupations . .. 14 GENERAL REMARKS ON WOOD, LEATHER AND SOME ASSOCIATED INDUSTRIES. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 19 THE MONOG RAPHS Wood The lumber and sawmill industries (including logging) . .. 49 The furniture and cabinet-making industry . .. 99 Carpentry and joinery ............................................ 139 The pulp and paper industry . 157 Leather The leather tanning and processing industries. .201 Boot and shoe manufacture and repair . .249 The leather goods manufacturing industry (other than boot and shoe manufacture and tanning) . .279 Appendices Appendix 1: Indices of mortality among males from selected cancers according to occupation as recorded on death certificates . .295 Appendix 2: Occupational risks associated with wood industries not furtherspecified............................................... .301 4 Appendix 3: Occupational risks associated with leather industries not furtherspecified............................................... .305 Appendix 4: Chemicals used or produced in wood and associated industries (excepting dyes), with cross references to IARC Monographs . .311 Appendix 5: Chemicals used or produced in leather and associated industries (excepting dyes), with cross references to IARC Monographs . 343 Appendix 6: Sorne dyes used in wood, leather and sorne associated industries, with cross references to IARC Monographs. 371 Glossary . 383 SUPPLEMENTARY CORRIGENDA TO VOLUMES 1-24. .. .. .391 CUMULATIVE INDEX.. ........ .. .... ... .. ... .. .. ... .... ."..... .. .. 393 5 IARC WORKING GROUP ON THE EVALUATION OF THE CARCINOGENIC RISK OF CHEMICALS TO HUMANS: WOOD, LEATHER AND SOME ASSOCIATED INDUSTRIES Lyon, 3-10 June 1980 i Members E.D. Acheson, MRC Unit of Environmental Epidemiology, Southampton General Hospital, Southampton S09 4XY, UK (Chairman) R. Althouse, University of Oxford, Clinical Medical School, Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, UK F .B. Blackwell, Head, Adhesion, Soling & Chemical Testing Department, Shoe & Allied Trades Research Association, Satra House, Rockingham Road, Kettering NN16 9JH, UK W.J. Blot, Environmental Epidemiology Branch, Landow Building C307, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD 20205, USA D. Brink, Forest Products Laboratory, University of California, 47th Street & Hoffmann Blvd, Richmond, CA 94804, USA E. Buiatti, Centro per 10 Malattie Sociali e la Medicina Preventiva, Via Alessandro Volta 171, 1-50131 Firenze, Italy (Rapporteur sections 3.1,3.2, leather) F. Carnevale, Istituto di Medicina dei Lavoro, Centro Ospedaliero Clinicizzato di Borgo Roma, 1-37100 Verona, Italy P. Decouflé, Associate Professor of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, School of Health Related Professions, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85724, USA 1 Unable to attend: L. Belin, Allergy Section, Occupational Health Centre, Sahlgren's Hospital, S-413 45 Göteborg, Sweden; P.N. Magee, Director, Fels Research Institute, Temple University, School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA; G.B. Pliss, Chief, Laboratory of Carcinogenic Agents, N.N. Petrov Research Institute of Oncology, 68 Leningradskaya St., Pesochny 2, Leningrad 188646, USSR 6 B. Drettner, Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Huddinge University Hospital, S-14186 Huddinge, Sweden (Rapporteur section 3.3) A. Englund, Bygghalsän, Box 26055, S-10041 Stockholm, Sweden (Vice-Chairman) (Rapporteur section 3.4) J. Fajen, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Robert A. Taft Laboratories, 4676 Columbia Parkway, Cincinnati, OH 45226, USA G. Gavend, Head, Tannery Department, Centre Technique du Cuir, 181 avenue Jean Jaurès, BP 1,69342 Lyon Cedex 2, France R. Mäkinen, Director, Lappeenranta Regiopal Institute of Occupational Health, Pormestarinkatu 1, 53100 Lappeenranta 10, Finland (Rapporteur sections 3.1, 3.2, wood) S. Milham, Population Studies Unit, LB-15, Department of Social & Health Services, Olympia, WA 98504, USA C. Rappe, University of Umeå, Department of Organic Chemistry, S-90187 Umeä, Sweden D.P. Rounbehler, New England Institute for Ufe Science, 125 Second Avenue, Waltham, MA 02154, USA B. Terracini, Istituto di Anatomia e Istologia Patologica, Via Santena 7, 1-10126 Torino, Italy M. Valsecchi, Ufficio Igiene dei Comune di Mantova, Consorzio di Medicina dei Lavoro con sede in Montecchio Maggiore (Vincenza), Via Vincenti 9, 1-37100 Verona, Italy L.M. Williams, HM Factory Inspectorate, East Midlands Area, 5th floor, Belgrave House, Greyfriars, Northampton NN1 2LO, UK Representative trom the US National Cancer Institute H.F. Kraybill, Scientific Coordinator for Environmental Cancer, National Cancer Institute, Division of Cancer Cause & Prevention, Bethesda, MD 20205, USA 7 Representative from the American Paper Institute/National Forest Products Association J. D. Wendlick, Corporate Industrial Hygienist, Weyerhaeuser Company, Tacoma, WA 984 77, USA Observers U. Engzell, Department of Otolaryngology, Huddinge Hospital, S-14186 Huddinge, Sweden C. Robinson, Nationallnstitute for Occupational Safety and Health, Robert A. Taft Laboratories, 4676 Columbia Parkway, Cincinnati, OH 45226, USA D. Shortridge, 36 Parkdise Road, Leeds LS6 40C, UK Secretariat C. Agthe, Division of Epidemiology and Biostatistics H. Bartsch, Division of Environmental Carcinogenesis J.R.P. Cabral, Division of Environmental Carcinogenesis B. Dodet, Division of Environmental Carcinogenesis M. Friesen, Division of Environmental Carcinogenesis E. Heseltine, Charost, France (Editor) i V. Khudoley , Division of Environmental Carcinogenesis A. Ukhachev, Division of Environmental Carcinogenesis D. Mietton, Division of Environmental Carcinogenesis (Libraryassistant) R. Montesano, Division of Environmental Carcinogenesis C. Partensky, Division of Environmental Carcinogenesis (Technical officer) 1. Peterschmitt, Division of Environmental Carcinogenesis (Bibliographic researcher) R. Saracci, Division of Epidemiology and Biostatistics L. Simonato, Division of Epidemiology and Biostatistics L. Tomatis, Director, Division of Environmental Carcinogenesis (Head of the Programme) i Present address: Laboratory of Chemical Carcinogenic Agents, N.N. Petrov Research Institute of Oncology, 66 Leningradskaya St., Pesochny 2, Leningrad 188646, USSR 8 2 E.A. Walker , Division of Environmental Carcinogenesis J. Wahrendorf, Division of Epidemiology and Biostatistics J.O. Wilbourn, Division of Environmental Carcinogenesis (Secretary) Secretarial assistance A. Beevers M.-J. Ghess S. Reynaud J. Smith 2 Present address: 62 Rennie Court, Upper Ground, Blackfriars, London SE 1, UK 9 NOTE TO THE REAOER The term 'carcinogenic risk'. in the IARC Monograph series is taken to mean the probability that exposure to a chemical or complex mixture or employment in a particular occupation will lead to cancer in humans. The fact that a monograph has been prepared on a chemical, complex mixture or occupation does not imply that a carcinogenic hazard is associated with the exposure, only that the published data have been examined. Equally, the fact that a chemical, complex mixture or occupation has not yet been evaluated in a monograph does not mean that it does not represent a carcinogenic hazard. Anyone who is aware of publ ished data that may alter an evaluation of the carcinogenic risk of a chemical, complex mixture or employment in an occupation is encouraged to make this information available to the Division of Environmental Carcinogenesis, 1 nternational Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France, in order that the chemical, complex mixture or occupation may be considered for re-evaluation by a future Working Group. Although every effort is made to prepare the monographs as accurately as possible, mistakes may occur. Readers are requested to communicate any errors to the Division of Environmental Carcinogenesis,