Climate Smart Irrigated Agriculture Project Public Disclosure Authorized Environmental Assessment & Management Framework LKR Sustainably increases productivity & income Public Disclosure Authorized Strengthens resilience to climate change & vulnerability Reduces the agriculture’s CO2 contribution to climate change Public Disclosure Authorized Democratic Socialist Republic of Sri Lanka Ministry of National Policy & Economic Affairs Ministry of Agriculture Ministry of Irrigation & Water Resources Management Ministry of Local Government & Provincial Councils Ministry of Disaster Management Ministry of Mahaweli Development & Environment Public Disclosure Authorized Ministry of Public Administration & Home Affairs September 6, 2018 Acronyms and Abbreviations ABE Agri-Business Enterprise IEE Initial Environmental Examination ASC Agrarian Service Centre ITK Indigenous Technical Knowledge ASMP Agriculture Sector Modernization IWMI International Water Management Project Institute BP Bank Procedure LA Local Authority BP Business Plan MC Municipal Council CC Community Centers MCM Million Cubic Meters CCAC Coast Conservation Advisory MIWRM Ministry of Irrigation and Water Committee Resources Management CCCRMD Coast Conservation and Coastal MOA Ministry of Agriculture Resources Management MSME Micro, small and mid-size Department enterprise CEA Central Environment Authority NCDM National Council for Disaster CMC Cascade Management Committee Management CRIP Climate Resilience Improvement NEA National Environment Act Project NPSC National Project Steering CSA Climate Smart Agriculture Committee CSC Common Service Center O&M Operation and Maintenance CSIAP Climate Smart Irrigated Agriculture OP Operation Policy Project OUV Outstanding Universal Value DAD Department of Agrarian PAA Project Approving Agency Development PG Producer Group DOA Department of Agriculture PID Provincial Irrigation Department DSD Divisional Secretariat Division PIP Project Implementation Plan DWC Department of Wildlife PPMU Provincial Project Management Conservation Unit EA Environmental Assessment SLLRDC Sri Lanka Land Reclamation and EAMF Environmental Assessment and Development Corporation Management Framework SNR Strict Nature Reserve EHS Environment, Health and Safety TA Technical Assistance EIA Environmental Impact Assessment TOR Terms of Reference EMP Environmental Management Plan UC Urban Council EPL Environmental Protection License WFP World Food Programme FD Forest Department WH World Heritage FFPO Fauna and Flora Protection WMO Water Management Organizations Ordinance WRB Water Resources Board FI Financial Institution FI Financial Intermediary FO Farmer Organization GHG Greenhouse Gas GND Grama Niladhari Division GOSL Government of Sri Lanka GSMB Geological Survey and Mines Bureau HEC Human Elephant Conflict HIA Heritage Impacts Assessment HSA Hot-Spot Area HSAD Hotspot Area Development ICOMOS International Council on Monuments and Sites i Table of Contents Acronyms and Abbreviations ......................................................................................................................... i Table of Contents .......................................................................................................................................... ii Chapter 1: Introduction to Climate Smart Irrigated Agriculture Project ...................................................... 1 1.1 Introduction and Background ....................................................................................................... 1 1.2 Climate Smart Irrigated Agriculture Project ................................................................................. 3 1.2.1 Project Development Objective ............................................................................................ 3 1.2.2 Project Description ................................................................................................................ 3 1.3 Project Locations ........................................................................................................................... 7 1.4 Environmental Assessment and Management Framework .......................................................... 7 1.4.1 Objectives and rationale for using the Framework .............................................................. 7 1.4.2 Applicability of the EAMF to the project activities ............................................................... 8 Chapter 2: Status of the environment in the proposed project locations .................................................... 9 2.1 Anuradhapura District ................................................................................................................... 9 2.1.1 Bio-physical environment of proposed project locations ..................................................... 9 2.1.2 Socio-economic environment of proposed project locations ............................................. 18 2.2 Batticaloa District ........................................................................................................................ 20 2.2.1 Bio-physical environment of proposed project locations ................................................... 20 2.2.2 Socio-economic environment of proposed project locations ............................................. 25 2.3 Kurunegala Disctrict .................................................................................................................... 29 2.3.2 Socio-economic environment of proposed project locations ............................................. 37 2.4 Moneragala District .................................................................................................................... 38 2.4.1 Bio-physical environment of proposed project locations ................................................... 39 2.4.2 Socio-economic environment of proposed project locations ............................................. 46 2.5 Puttalam District ......................................................................................................................... 47 2.5.1 Bio-physical environment of proposed project locations ................................................... 47 2.5.2 Socio-economic environment of proposed project locations ............................................. 55 2.6 Trincomalee District .................................................................................................................... 56 2.6.1 Bio-physical environment of proposed project locations ................................................... 57 2.6.2 Socio-economic environment of proposed project locations ............................................. 64 2.7 Kilinochci District ......................................................................................................................... 65 2.7.1 Bio-physical environment of proposed project locations ................................................... 65 ii 2.7.2 Socio-economic environment of proposed project locations ............................................. 72 2.8 Ampara District ........................................................................................................................... 73 2.8.1 Bio-physical environment of proposed project locations ................................................... 73 2.8.2 Socio-economic environment of proposed project locations ............................................. 80 2.9 Mulaithivu District....................................................................................................................... 81 2.9.1 Bio-physical environment of proposed project locations ................................................... 81 2.9.2 Socio-economic environment of proposed project locations ............................................. 87 Chapter 3: Environmental legislation, policies and institutions in Sri Lanka .............................................. 90 3.1 Overview of Environmental Legislation ...................................................................................... 90 3.2 Detail Review of Key Environmental Related Legislation ........................................................... 90 3.2.1 The Constitution of Sri Lanka & the 13th Amendment ........................................................ 90 3.2.2 The National Environmental Act. No. 47 of 1980 & its amendments ................................. 91 3.2.3 Environmental Protection License ...................................................................................... 92 3.2.4 The North Western Provincial Environmental Statute No. 12 of 1990............................... 92 3.2.5 State Land Ordinance Act No 13 of 1949 ............................................................................ 92 3.2.6 The Coast Conservation and Coastal Resources Management Act No.49 of 2011 (Amendment) ...................................................................................................................................... 93 3.2.7 The Flood Protection Ordinance Act No.22 of 1955 ........................................................... 93 3.2.8 The Fauna & Flora Protection Ordinance Act No. 49 of 1993 and its amendments........... 94 3.2.9 The Sri Lanka Land Reclamation & Development Corporation (SLLRDC) Act No. 15 of 1968 94 3.2.10 The Mines and Mineral Act No.33 of 1992 ......................................................................... 94 3.2.12 Forest Ordinance including Amendments .........................................................................