Practical Data Analysis with JMP ® Second Edition Robert H. Carver From Practical Data Analysis with JMP®, Second Edition. Full book available for purchase here. Contents About This Book ..................................................................................... xiii About The Author .................................................................................. xxiii Chapter 1 Getting Started: Data Analysis with JMP ................................... 1 Overview .......................................................................................................................................... 1 Goals of Data Analysis: Description and Inference .................................................................... 2 Types of Data .................................................................................................................................. 3 Starting JMP ................................................................................................................................... 4 A Simple Data Table ....................................................................................................................... 5 Graph Builder: An Interactive Tool to Explore Data ................................................................... 9 Using an Analysis Platform ......................................................................................................... 12 Row States .................................................................................................................................... 14 Exporting JMP Results to a Word-Processor Document ........................................................ 17 Saving Your Work ......................................................................................................................... 18 Leaving JMP ................................................................................................................................. 19 Chapter 2 Data Sources and Structures ................................................... 21 Overview ........................................................................................................................................ 21 Populations, Processes, and Samples ....................................................................................... 22 Representativeness and Sampling ............................................................................................. 23 Simple Random Sampling ..................................................................................................... 24 Other Types of Random Sampling ....................................................................................... 26 Non-Random Sampling ......................................................................................................... 26 Big Data .................................................................................................................................. 26 Cross-Sectional and Time Series Sampling .............................................................................. 27 Study Design: Experimentation, Observation, and Surveying ................................................. 27 iv Experimental Data—An Example ......................................................................................... 28 Observational Data—An Example ........................................................................................ 31 Survey Data—An Example .................................................................................................... 31 Creating a Data Table .................................................................................................................. 34 Raw Case Data and Summary Data ........................................................................................... 34 Application .................................................................................................................................... 36 Chapter 3 Describing a Single Variable .................................................... 39 Overview ........................................................................................................................................ 39 The Concept of a Distribution ..................................................................................................... 40 Variable Types and Their Distributions ...................................................................................... 40 Distribution of a Categorical Variable ........................................................................................ 41 Using the Data Filter to Temporarily Narrow the Focus .................................................... 43 Using the Chart Command to Graph Categorical Data ..................................................... 44 Using the Graph Builder to Explore Categorical Data ....................................................... 46 Distribution of a Quantitative Variable ....................................................................................... 47 Using the Distribution Platform for Continuous Data ........................................................ 48 Taking Advantage of Linked Graphs and Tables to Explore Data .................................... 51 Customizing Bars and Axes in a Histogram ....................................................................... 52 Exploring Further with the Graph Builder ........................................................................... 54 Summary Statistics for a Single Variable ............................................................................ 55 Outlier Box Plots .................................................................................................................... 56 Application .................................................................................................................................... 57 Chapter 4 Describing Two Variables at a Time ......................................... 63 Overview ........................................................................................................................................ 63 Two-by-Two: Bivariate Data ....................................................................................................... 63 Describing Covariation: Two Categorical Variables ................................................................. 65 Describing Covariation: One Continuous, One Categorical Variable ..................................... 71 Describing Covariation: Two Continuous Variables ................................................................. 73 More Informative Scatter Plots ................................................................................................... 78 Application .................................................................................................................................... 79 v Chapter 5 Review of Descriptive Statistics .............................................. 85 Overview ........................................................................................................................................ 85 The World Development Indicators ............................................................................................ 86 Millennium Development Goals ........................................................................................... 86 Questions for Analysis ................................................................................................................. 87 Applying an Analytic Framework ................................................................................................ 88 Data Source and Structure ................................................................................................... 88 Observational Units ............................................................................................................... 89 Variable Definitions and Data Types .................................................................................... 89 Preparation for Analysis .............................................................................................................. 90 Univariate Descriptions ............................................................................................................... 90 Explore Relationships with Graph Builder ................................................................................. 93 Further Analysis with the Multivariate Platform ........................................................................ 96 Further Analysis with Fit Y by X .................................................................................................. 97 Summing Up: Interpretation and Conclusions .......................................................................... 99 Visualizing Multiple Relationships ............................................................................................ 100 Chapter 6 Elementary Probability and Discrete Distributions .......................................................................................... 103 Overview ...................................................................................................................................... 103 The Role of Probability in Data Analysis .................................................................................. 104 Elements of Probability Theory ................................................................................................