Voices from The Third theWorld Debunks South Corporate Myths on Genetically Engineered Crops Edited by Ellen Hickey and Anuradha Mittal A joint project of Food First/Institute for Food and Development Policy and Pesticide Action Network North America May 2003 VoicesThe Third World from Debunks the Corporate South Myths on Genetically Engineered Crops Edited by Ellen Hickey and Anuradha Mittal A joint project of Food First/Institute for Food and Development Policy and Pesticide Action Network North America June 2003 Acknowledgements We are grateful to the authors who gave us permission to use their articles. We would also like to thank the many individuals who contributed their time and expertise. They include Jessica Hamburger and Marcia Ishii-Eiteman (Pesticide Action Network North America) and Nick Parker, Raj Patel and Peter Rosset (Food First/Institute for Food and Development Policy). This publication is part of a joint project of Food First/Institute for Food and Development Policy and Pesticide Action Network North America, and was supported in part by grants to one or both of the organizations from the Columbia Foundation, Firedoll Foundation, Richard and Rhoda Goldman Fund, and the Starfire Foundation. The authors bear full responsibility for any errors. Recommendations and views expressed are those of Food First/Institute for Food and Development Policy, Pesticide Action Network North America, and the authors, and do not necessarily represent those of the funders. The report was formatted by Brenda J. Willoughby and proofread by Jakob von Moltke (Pesticide Action Network North America). Note In this report several different phrases and acronyms are used for genetic engineer- ing and genetically engineered crops. These include GE (genetically engineered), GM (genetically modified) and GMOs (genetically modified organisms). Cover photo: FAO/G. Bizzari Printed on recycled paper. Cover printed on 100% post-consumer, chlorine-free, non-deinked recycled paper. Table of Contents Introduction ......................................................................................................................................... 1 Myth #1: Genetically Engineered Crops Are Necessary to Feed the Third World Let Nature’s Harvest Continue : African Delegates Reject Monsanto’s “Harvest” ........................................ 5 GMOs: The Wrong Answer to the Wrong Problem Interview with Rafael Mariano, Head of the Peasant Movement of the Philippines .................................... 6 The Fallacy of Genetic Engineering and Small Farmers in Africa by Timothy Byakola, Pesticide Action Network–Eastern Africa, Uganda .................................................... 7 Kenya, Monsanto and the Sweet Potato Project .......................................................................................... 9 The New Generation of Genetically Engineered Crops: Will They Feed the South? by Silvia Ribeiro, ETC Group, Mexico ..................................................................................................... 13 Industrialized Agriculture and Biotechnology: Threats to Sustainable Agriculture by Chee Yoke Ling, Third World Network, Malaysia ................................................................................ 14 Genetically Engineered Crops Threaten Food Security in Zambia by Bernadette Lubozhya, Zambia ............................................................................................................. 17 Zambia: Traditional Foods in Abundance to Feed Three Million Starving People by Zarina Geloo, Inter-Press Service, Zambia ........................................................................................... 20 Biotechnology Will Bypass the Hungry by Devinder Sharma, Forum for Biotechnology & Food Security, India ................................................... 21 UN Development Programme Buys into Biotech Industry Agenda Technology Won’t Feed World’s Hungry by Anuradha Mittal, Food First, India/United States ................................................................................ 24 UNDP’s Human Development Report 2001: Technofixes Within a Sugar Coating by Ashish Kothari, Kalparvriksh, India ..................................................................................................... 25 Human Development Report 2001 or a Corporate Marketing Strategy? by Farida Akhter, UBINIG, Bangladesh ................................................................................................... 27 Food Sovereignty Food Sovereignty and Genetically Engineered Crops by Elizabeth Bravo, Ecological Action, Ecuador........................................................................................ 29 The Right to Food and Food Sovereignty by M.D. Nanjundaswamy, Karnataka Farmers’ Union–Via Campesina, India .......................................... 31 Myth #2: Northern Resistance to Genetic Engineering Creates Starvation in the South Using the South to Promote Genetic Engineering in Europe—Once Again! by Tewolde Behran Gebre Egzhiaber, Ethiopia ......................................................................................... 33 Myth #3: Golden Rice: A Miracle Rice Grains of Hope ........................................................................................................................................ 35 Genetically Engineered Vitamin A Rice: A Blind Approach to Blindness Prevention Dr.Vandana Shiva, Research Foundation for Science, Technology and Natural Resource Policy, India ...... 36 Grains of Delusion—Golden Rice Seen from the Ground Excerpts from a Report by NGOs from Bangladesh, Cambodia, India, Indonesia, the Philippines and Thailand ............................................................................................................................................ 37 Myth #4: Patents are Necessary to Ensure Innovation No Patents on Rice! No Patents on Life! Statement from Peoples’ Movements and NGOs Across Asia.................................................................... 39 Patents, Genetic Engineering and Bioserfdom by Silvia Ribeiro, ETC Group .................................................................................................................. 40 Myth #5: Biotechnology Increases Agricultural Biodiversity Bolivia and Genetically Engineered Potatoes by Maria Luisa Ramos, FOBOMADE, Bolivia ......................................................................................... 44 GE Pollution in Mexico: Native Corn Contaminated ............................................................................... 47 Rice and Biodiversity ................................................................................................................................ 48 Genetically Engineered Rice: For Whose Gain? by MASIPAG, The Philippines ................................................................................................................ 48 Rice ’n Controversy by Vasana Chinvarakorn, Thailand ........................................................................................................... 48 Myth #6: People in the Third World Want Genetically Engineered Crops Genetically Engineered Crops in Indonesia: Lies and Frustration Unite Farmers by Nila Ardhianie & Nina Andiana, Indonesia Forum on Globalization, Indonesia ................................. 50 Asia: Declaration on Biodiversity Protection and Local People’s Rights ..................................................... 52 International Peasants and Scientists Conference Condemns Pesticides & GMOs .................................... 53 Philippines: 800 Protesters Uproot Bt-Corn in Mindanao ........................................................................ 53 Farmers Close Down Monsanto Office! .................................................................................................... 54 People’s Caravan Launches Campaign Demanding Land and Food without Poisons! ............................... 55 India: Bt Cotton Burned on Holi Eve by Farmers .................................................................................... 56 New Zealand: Maori Declare War on Genetic Engineering ...................................................................... 56 Latin American Declaration on Transgenic Organisms ............................................................................. 57 Brazilian Farmers Storm Monsanto, Uproot Plants ................................................................................... 57 Stop the Crop by Biowatch South Africa ......................................................................................................................... 58 Declaration from the World Social Forum in Porto Alegre, Brazil ............................................................ 58 African Consumer Leaders Reject GE Crops as a Solution for Food Security ............................................ 60 Lusaka Declaration ................................................................................................................................... 61 The Valley of 1000 Hills Declaration, South Africa .................................................................................. 62 Contacts .............................................................................................................................................. 63 Introductionby Anuradha Mittal For proponents of genetically modified food, these are that rocked the United States’ food supply system in dark times. Led by Zambia, and recently followed by September