Final SHORELINE INVENTORY AND CHARACTERIZATION REPORT FOR LEWIS COUNTY, AND THE CITIES OF CENTRALIA, CHEHALIS, WINLOCK, AND MORTON Prepared for: Lewis County Community Development Ecology Grant # G1200468 Note: Some pages in this document have been purposely skipped or blank pages inserted so that this document will copy correctly when duplexed. SHORELINE INVENTORY AND CHARACTERIZATION REPORT FOR LEWIS COUNTY AND THE CITIES OF CENTRALIA, CHEHALIS, MORTON, AND WINLOCK Prepared for Lewis County Community Development 2025 NE Kresky Avenue Chehalis, Washington 98532 Prepared by Herrera Environmental Consultants, Inc. 2200 Sixth Avenue, Suite 1100 Seattle, Washington 98121 Telephone: 206/441-9080 AHBL 1200 Sixth Avenue, Suite 1620 Seattle, Washington 98101 and CORE GIS 355 NW 47th Street Seattle Washington 98107 October 17, 2013 CONTENTS Limitations ................................................................................................ xvii Glossary .................................................................................................... xix List of Acronyms and Abbreviations .................................................................. xxiii Executive Summary ...................................................................................... xxv 1. Introduction ............................................................................................. 1 1.1. Background and Purpose ...................................................................... 1 1.2. Scope and Organization of Shoreline Inventory and Characterization .................. 1 1.3. Regulatory Framework ........................................................................ 3 1.3.1. Shoreline Management Act......................................................... 3 1.3.2. Lewis County ......................................................................... 4 1.3.3. City of Centralia ..................................................................... 5 1.3.4. City of Chehalis ...................................................................... 5 1.3.5. City of Morton ....................................................................... 5 1.3.6. City of Winlock ...................................................................... 6 1.3.7. State Agencies and Regulations ................................................... 6 1.3.7.1. State Environmental Policy Act ...................................... 6 1.3.7.2. Section 401 Water Quality Certification ............................ 6 1.3.7.3. State-Owned Aquatic Lands .......................................... 7 1.3.7.4. Watershed Planning Act ............................................... 7 1.3.7.5. Hydraulic Code ......................................................... 7 1.3.7.6. Water Pollution Control Act .......................................... 7 1.3.7.7. Growth Management Act .............................................. 7 1.3.8. Federal Regulations ................................................................. 8 1.3.8.1. Section 404 – Clean Water Act ....................................... 8 1.3.8.2. Section 10 – Rivers and Harbors Appropriation Act................ 8 1.3.8.3. Endangered Species Act ............................................... 9 1.3.8.4. Clean Water Act ........................................................ 9 2. Inventory & Characterization Methods ............................................................. 11 2.1. Inventory Data and Information Sources ................................................... 11 2.2. GIS Methods .................................................................................... 11 2.3. Determination of Management Areas and Reaches ....................................... 11 2.4. Approach to Characterizing Ecosystem-Wide Processes and Shoreline Functions ....................................................................................... 15 3. Ecosystem-wide Processes ........................................................................... 23 3.1. Regional Overview ............................................................................ 23 3.1.1. General Shoreline Description .................................................... 23 3.2. Key Physical Controls ......................................................................... 24 3.2.1. Climate .............................................................................. 24 i jr 12-05276-000 shoreline inventory and characterization 3.2.2. Climate Change ..................................................................... 25 3.2.3. Geography and Hydrologic Processes ............................................ 26 3.2.3.1. Lowland Valleys ....................................................... 26 Agricultural Lands ............................................... 29 Developed Lands ................................................. 29 3.2.3.2. Hills ..................................................................... 30 3.2.3.3. Alpine ................................................................... 31 3.2.4. Geology and Soils ................................................................... 32 3.2.4.1. Lowland Valleys ....................................................... 34 3.2.4.2. Hills ..................................................................... 34 3.2.4.3. Alpine ................................................................... 35 3.2.5. Lahars ................................................................................ 36 3.3. Key Ecosystem Processes ..................................................................... 36 3.4. Land Use and Land Cover .................................................................... 38 3.4.1. Land Use Patterns and SMA Use Preferences ................................... 38 3.4.1.1. General SMA Requirements .......................................... 38 3.4.1.2. Water-Oriented Uses ................................................. 40 3.4.2. Current Land Use Patterns ........................................................ 41 3.4.3. Comprehensive Plan Land Use Patterns ......................................... 42 3.4.3.1. Lewis County ........................................................... 42 3.4.3.2. City of Centralia ....................................................... 49 3.4.3.3. City of Chehalis........................................................ 53 3.4.3.4. City of Morton ......................................................... 55 3.4.3.5. City of Winlock ........................................................ 56 3.5. Existing Public Access ........................................................................ 58 3.6. Historical and Cultural Resources ........................................................... 58 3.6.1. Native Americans ................................................................... 58 3.6.2. Euro-American Settlement ........................................................ 59 3.6.3. Properties on the Washington State Heritage Register ....................... 60 3.7. Shoreline Modifications ....................................................................... 65 3.8. Critical Areas and Priority Habitat and Species ........................................... 66 3.8.1. Streams .............................................................................. 67 3.8.2. Wetlands and Deepwater ......................................................... 67 3.8.3. Riparian Habitat .................................................................... 68 3.8.4. Snags and Logs ...................................................................... 69 3.8.5. Salmon and Trout .................................................................. 69 3.8.5.1. Washington Coast ..................................................... 70 3.8.5.2. Puget Sound ............................................................ 70 3.8.5.3. Lower Columbia River Basin ......................................... 71 3.8.6. Pacific Eulachon .................................................................... 72 3.8.7. Olympic Mudminnow ............................................................... 72 3.8.8. Pacific Pond Turtle ................................................................. 73 3.8.9. Bald Eagle ........................................................................... 73 3.8.10. Peregrine Falcon ................................................................... 73 3.8.11. Cavity Nesting Ducks and Waterfowl Concentrations ......................... 73 3.8.12. Geologic Hazard Areas ............................................................. 74 ii jr 12-05276-000 shoreline inventory and characterization 3.8.13. Channel Migration Zones .......................................................... 74 3.8.14. Aquifer Recharge Areas ........................................................... 75 3.8.15. Frequently Flooded Areas ......................................................... 75 3.9. Water Quality .................................................................................. 76 4. Discussion of Shoreline Management Areas ....................................................... 77 4.1. Nisqually ........................................................................................ 78 4.1.1. Physical and Biological Characterization ....................................... 78 4.1.2. Shoreline Use Patterns ............................................................ 89 4.1.2.1. Existing Shoreline Land Use and Designations .................... 89 4.1.2.2. Existing Public Access