“Reptile” Diversity and Evolution George A. Lozano Department of Biology University of Ottawa Summary Sauropsids Turtles Diapsids/Saurians Plesiosaurs † and ichthyosaurs † Lepidosaurs Tuatara Squamates (snakes, geckos, iguanas, monitors ) Archosaurs (crocodiles, dinosaurs, pterosaurs ) Dinosaurs 2 George A. Lozano Amniota Synapsida Sauropsida Diapsida Turtles Ancestral amniotes & Turtles Turtles - Testudina 250 species Carapace (vertebrae and ribs) Appendicular girdles INSIDE the shell Beak, no teeth (along with aves) Ear ossicle columella (ind?) 4 George A. Lozano Sauropsida Diapsida/Sauria Turtles 250 Archosaurs Ichthyosaurs† Lepidosaurs Plesiosaurs† 9.1K 7K Ear ossicle collumella, 3 rd ind. evol.) Lepidosaurs “scaly” reptiles 6700 species : 4000 lizards, 2700 snakes Tuatara: ancestral diapsid skull Squamata: derived diapsid skull, hemipenes Iguanas Geckos Snakes Skinks Gila monsters, monitor lizards, Komodo dragon 6 George A. Lozano Tuatara Turtles Squamates Modified Euryapsid: Aves diapsid Plesiosaur Ichthyosaur Snakes 8 George A. Lozano Sauropsida Diapsida Turtles Archosaurs Crocodiles Dinosaurs Pterosaurs† Dinosaurs Ornithischians† Saurischians •Ceratopsids •Duck-billed dino Sauropods† Theropods •Stegosaurus •Ankylosaurus Dinosaurs Ornithischians† Saurischians •-ceratops (uni, tri…) •Duck-billed dino Sauropods† Theropods •Stegosaurus •Diplodocus •Ankylosaurus •Brachiosaurus T. rex † Velociraptor † Birds 12 George A. Lozano Sauropod and ornithischian (ankylosaurus) 13 George A. Lozano 14 George A. Lozano Dinosaurs Ornithischians† Saurischians •Ceratops (uni,tri…) •Duck-billed dino Sauropods† Theropods •Stegosaurus •Diplodocus •Ankylosaurus •Brachiosaurus T. rex † Velociraptor † Birds 9.1K 16 George A. Lozano 17 George A. Lozano You know what a bird is, but… Extant dinosaurs Feathers Flight Extensive bone fusion No teeth Long flexible neck Hollow bones Extremely high metabolism 18 George A. Lozano 19 George A. Lozano 20 George A. Lozano Sauropsida Diapsida Turtles ArchosaursIchthyosaurs† Lepidosaurs Plesiosaurs† Crocs Dinos Pterosaurs† Squamata Tuatara 23 2 Ornithischchians† Saurischchians Sauropods† Theropods Birds T. rex † Velociraptor † 9.1K Turtles (testudina) Tuatara Monitor lizzards Iguanas Geckos Squamata Lepidosauria Snakes Plesiosauria † Ichthyosauria † Crocodilia Sauropsida Diapsida Pterosaurus † Ornithischians † Sauropods † T. rex † Archosaurs Archosaurs † Dinosaurs Dinosaurs Velociraptor Saurischians Theropods Birds (aves) Caecilians Salamader Frogs Amphibia Sailback synapsids † Monotremata Metatheria Mammalia Synapsida Synapsida Eutheria Turtles (testudina) Tuatara Monitor lizzards Iguanas Geckos Squamata Theria Batrachian Lepidosauria Tetrapods Snakes Plesiosauria † Amniotes Ichthyosauria † Crocodilia Sauropsida Diapsida Pterosaurus † Ornithischians † Sauropods † T. rex † Archosaurs † Dinosaurs Velociraptor Saurischians Saurischians Theropods Theropods Birds (aves) © George A. Lozano 24 George A. Lozano.