THE WEALTH OF NATIONS REVISITED CADMUS PROMOTING LEADERSHIP IN THOUGHT THAT LEADS TO ACTION A papers series of the South-East European Division of the World Academy of Art and Science (SEED-WAAS) Volume I, Issue 5, Part 3 October 2012 ISSN 2038-5242 Sovereignty and Nuclear Weapons — Winston P. Nagan & Garry Jacobs World Peace Through Law: Rethinking an Old Theory — James T. Ranney Federalism and Global Governance — John Scales Avery Myth, Hiroshima and Fear: How We Overestimated the Usefulness of the Bomb — Ward Wilson How Reliance on Nuclear Weapons Erodes and Distorts International Law and Global Order — John Burroughs Re-Examining the 1996 ICJ Advisory Opinion: Concerning the Legality of Nuclear Weapons — Jasjit Singh India’s Disarmament Initiative 1988: Continuing Relevance, Valid Pointers for an NWFW — Manpreet Sethi Nuclear Threats and Security — Garry Jacobs & Winston P. Nagan An Arctic Nuclear-Weapon-Free Zone – Needed Now — Adele Buckley ACTIVITIES & EVENTS Report on Recent Events Declaration of the Split Conference Report on Pugwash Conference in Nova Scotia Stop the Insanity — Report on Astana Conference The ATOM Project The Power of Mind — Report on the Club of Rome Annual Conference in Bucharest EDITORIAL BOARD Chairman: Ivo Šlaus, President, World Academy of Art & Science; Member, Club of Rome, European The EU has been an enormous success, demonstrating beyond question that it is possible Leadership Network and Pugwash Council; Dean, Dag Hammarskjold University College for to begin with a very limited special-purpose federation and to gradually expand it, judging at International Relations & Diplomacy, Zagreb. each stage whether the cautiously-taken steps have been successful. Editor-in-Chief: Orio Giarini, Director, The Risk Institute, Geneva and Trieste; Member of the Board of John Scales Avery, Federalism and Global Governance Trustees, World Academy of Art & Science; Honorary Member, Club of Rome. Understanding money as a social organization, we perceive that it is capable of infinite mul- Managing Editor: Garry Jacobs, Chairman of the Board of Trustees, World Academy of Art & Science; tiplication, the same way information, knowledge, law, education and other social institutions Vice-President, The Mother’s Service Society, Pondicherry, India; International Fellow, Club of Rome. can and do multiply. Members: Garry Jacobs and Ivo Šlaus, The Power of Money Walter Truett Anderson, President Emeritus, World Academy of Art & Science; Fellow, Western th st Behavioral Sciences Institute; Founding Fellow, Meridian International Institute (USA). The economics of the industrial era and the 20 century is not appropriate to the 21 century Ian Johnson, Secretary General, Club of Rome; former Vice President, The World Bank; Fellow, World service economies, where human capital and natural capital are—and should be—increasingly Academy of Art & Science. valued, and estimates of “wealth”, national product, and human happiness and satisfaction are increasingly questioned. Michael Marien, Fellow, World Academy of Art & Science; Director, Global Foresight Books. Michael Marien, New and Appropriate Economics for the 21st Century Winston Nagan, Member of the Board of Trustees, Chair of Program Committee & Editor of Eruditio, e-journal of the World Academy of Art & Science; Professor of Law & Director, Institute for Human We rely on nuclear deterrence out of habit and because doctrines and ideas developed during Rights, Peace & Development, University of Florida. the Cold War got locked in place by fear. But now we have emerged from the Cold War. It Francesco Stipo, Fellow, World Academy of Art & Science; President of the US Association, Club of makes sense to reexamine the ideas of that time and critically reevaluate evidence, doctrines Rome. and judgments made during that time. Editorial & Technical Staff: Latha Chandrasekaran, Janani Harish, Hariny Narayanan, Ranjani Ravi and Ward Wilson, Myth, Hiroshima and Fear Ranganayaki Somaskandan. The paper argues for a wider, inclusive concept of sovereignty that accords full recognition to the rights of individual citizens and the rights of the human community as a whole. The CADMUS Journal Winston P. Nagan and Garry Jacobs, Sovereignty and Nuclear Weapons The acronym of the South-East European Division of The World Academy of Art and One rule of non-possession for all will be far more conducive than our present world of nuclear Science – SEED – prompted us to initiate a journal devoted to seed ideas - to leadership in haves and have-nots to the development of a just and legitimate system of international law thought that leads to action. Cadmus (or Kadmos in Greek and Phoenician mythology) was a and institutions, which in turn will reinforce the durability of abolition of nuclear weapons. son of King Agenor and Queen Telephassa of Tyre, and brother of Cilix, Phoenix and Europa. John Burroughs, Nuclear Weapons, International Law and Global Order Cadmus is credited with introducing the original alphabet – the Phoenician alphabet, with “the There can be no reasonable situation where threat of use of nuclear weapons would be invention” of agriculture, and with founding the city of Thebes. His marriage with Harmonia justified for self-defence. But such a threat exists in the very possession of nuclear weapons represents the symbolic coupling of Eastern learning and Western love of beauty. The young- themselves. The implication, therefore, is that nuclear weapons must be totally eliminated from est son of Cadmus and Harmonia is Illyrius. The city of Zagreb, which is the formal seat of national arsenals. Jasjit Singh, Legality of Nuclear Weapons SEED, was once a part of Illyria, a region including what is today referred to as the Western Balkans and even more. Cadmus will be a journal for fresh thinking and new perspectives that Cooperative security, in place of the current competitive security, is needed to meet not only integrate knowledge from all fields of science, art and humanities to address real-life issues, the requirement of nuclear disarmament but also the many challenges of the 21st century. Manpreet Sethi, India’s Disarmament Initiative 1988 inform policy and decision-making, and enhance our collective response to the challenges and opportunities facing the world today. The core of the nuclear weapons problem is the challenge of evolving effective institutions for global governance. The solution to this and other serious challenges can only be resolved by humanity as a whole. Copyright: Garry Jacobs and Winston P. Nagan, Nuclear Threats and Security The Risk Institute - Istituto del Rischio Via della Torretta, 10 - 34121 Trieste - Italy / 53 route de Malagnou - 1208 Geneva - Switzerland Governance requires new national and multinational agreements; now is the time to gain Editorial Office: 5, Puduvai Sivam Street, Venkata Nagar - Pondicherry 605011 - India acceptance for a future nuclear-weapon-free Arctic. Published under Open Access policy guidelines. Adele Buckley, An Arctic Nuclear-Weapon-Free Zone – Needed Now See the last page for Editorial Policy. It is time for “genuine global action” that integrates the economic, social, and environmental Websites: www.cadmusjournal.org - www.worldacademy.org - www.newwelfare.org dimensions of development. E-mail: [email protected] Michael Marien, Resilient People, Resilient Planet: A Future Worth Choosing — Review Printed by: Akaram, Plot No.1, Nirmala Nagar, Thanjavur, India CADMUS, Volume I, No. 5, October 2012, 115-124 Sovereignty and Nuclear Weapons: The Need for Real Sovereign Authority Rooted in the People’s Global Expectations about Survival, Peace and Security Winston P. Nagan, Member, Board of Trustees, World Academy of Art and Science; Director, Institute for Human Rights, Peace and Development, University of Florida Garry Jacobs, Chairman, Board of Trustees, World Academy of Art and Science; Vice-President, The Mother’s Service Society Abstract The current international security framework is based on an incomplete, anachronistic conception of sovereignty shaped largely by historical circumstance rather than principles of universal justice. Evolution of the global community over the past half century necessitates a reformulation of the concept to justly represent the rights of individual citizens and the global community as a whole. The reconceptualization of sovereignty is an essential condition for the elimination of major threats to global security, most especially those arising from the continued existence and proliferation of nuclear weapons and other weapons of mass destruction. Two decades after the demise of the Cold War, the proliferation of nuclear weapons and the possibility of nuclear war still represent the single greatest threat to global peace and secu- rity, human health, well-being and the environment of our planet. The fundamental source of this threat is not accidental detonation or nuclear theft by a terrorist organization, but rather the continued insistence by the nuclear weapons states that possession, threat of use and actual use of nuclear weapons under some circumstances are legitimized under international law. At the heart of this claim lies their assertion of a right to self-defense as territorially- organized, sovereign nation-states. Thus, the rights of national sovereignty are juxtaposed to those of humanity and the global community as a whole and the concept of sovereignty is made a central pillar of the prevailing global security system. It is important to keep in mind that the