
COGNITIVE PROCESS IN TRANSLATING CULTURAL UNTRANSLATABLE WORDS A THESIS BY MUHAMMAD IBRAHIM REG. NO. 130705121 DEPARTMENT OF ENGLISH FACULTY OF CULTURAL STUDIES UNIVERSITY OF SUMATERA UTARA MEDAN 2018 UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA AUTHOR’S DECLARATION I, MUHAMMAD IBRAHIM, DECLARE THAT I AM THE SOLE AUTHOR OF THIS THESIS EXCEPT WHERE REFERENCE IS MADE IN THE TEXT OF THIS THESIS. THIS THESIS CONTAINS NO MATERIAL PUBLISHED ELSEWHERE OR EXTRACTED IN WHOLE OR IN PART FROM A THESIS BY WHICH I HAVE QUALIFIED FOR OR AWARDED ANOTHER DEGREE. NO OTHER PERSON’S WORK HAS BEEN USED WITHOUT DUE ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS IN THE MAIN TEXT OF THIS THESIS. THIS THESIS HAS NOT BEEN SUBMITTED FOR THE AWARD OF ANOTHER DEGREE IN ANY TERTIARY EDUCATION Signed: Date : February 09th, 2018 v UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA COPYRIGHT DECLARATION NAME : MUHAMMAD IBRAHIM TITLE OF THESIS : COGNITIVE PROCESS IN TRANSLATING CULTURAL UNTRANSLATABLE WORDS QUALIFICATION : S-1/ SARJANA SASTRA DEPARTMENT : ENGLISH I AM WILLING THAT MY THESIS SHOULD BE AVAILABLE FOR REPRODUCTION AT THE DISCREATION OF THE LIBRARIAN OF DEPARTMENT OF ENGLISH, FACULTY OF CULTURAL STUDIES, UNIVERSITY OF SUMATERA UTARA ON THE UNDERSTANDING THAT USERS ARE MADE AWARE OF THEIR OBLIGATION UNDER THE LAW OF THE REPUBLIC OF INDONESIA Signed: Date : February 09th, 2018 vi UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA ACKNOWLEDGEMENT Bismillahirrahmannirrahim……. First and foremost, I would like to express my deepest gratitude to Allah SWT., the Almighty God and most beneficial for his blessing, grace, guidance, and mercy that have made this thesis come to its completion. I would like to express my gratitude and appreciation to the Rector of University of Sumatera Utara Prof. Dr. Runtung Sitepu, S.H., M.Hum., Dean of Faculty of Cultural Studies Dr. Budi Agustono, M.S., the Head of English Department Dr. Deliana, M.Hum., and the Secretary of English Department Rahmadsyah Rangkuti, M.A., Ph.D., who have given a great opportunity and full support to complete this thesis. I give much of gratitude to my advisor Dr. Roswita Silalahi, Dip. TESOL. M.Hum and my co-advisor Dr. Rudy Sofyan, S.S., M.Hum who have given brilliant supervision, generous guidance, advise, encouragement and patience to shape the ideas into the thesis and I give thanks to all lecturers of English Department who have already taught me. Also I would like to give appreciation to Mr. Sukirno as the former staff of English Department for his contribution in accomplishing the administration matters. Especially, I would like to give my power of love to my parents, Adnan Adung and Nurliana, who always pray, sacrifice, and keep supporting me to finish this thesis. I also thank my brothers and sisters Rahmah Sari, S.E, Muhammad Ismail, Muhammad Ridwan, S.E, and Adelia Nurul Savani who have given me attention and the spirit to finish my thesis. I would like to thank my friends, the class A 2013 English Department, especially Siti Nur Jannah, Rizka Nur Avisha, Noni Saptawati, S.S, and Fadillah, vii UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA S.S. Moreover, Jawara, Anggun Sundary, Angrih Vitary, S.S, and Tassa Annisa, S.S for their help, support, and care during my four academic years. Also, I express much gratitude to my best friends, Fajar Purnama, Amd., Siti Hartina, S.S, Ayu Rantika, S.S, Juni Randa Amd, who always help, support and make me laughing. Finally, I realize these may be insufficient analysis at this thesis. Therefore, any constructive critic, advise, and suggestion to make it better will be very much appreciated. I hope this thesis will give some meaningful insights as reference. Medan, February 09th, 2018 Muhammad Ibrahim 130705121 viii UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA ABSTRACT This thesis entitled “Cognitive Process in Translating Cultural Untranslatable Words”. This research is focused on the cognitive process in translating cultural untranslatable words by a professional translator. The objectives of this study are: (1) to explain translator’s cognitive process in translating cultural untranslatable words, and (2) to describe online sources visited by translator in translating cultural untranslatable words. This is a descriptive qualitative research that choses a professional translator as the respondents. The source of the data is an art and tourism text entitled Gambyong Pareanom, taken from a book written by R.M. Soedarsono entitled Seni Pertunjukan Indonesia dan Pariwisata. The data is worksheet log-file and video recordings during the translation process. The instruments to collect the data are Translog II and Camtasia Studio 9. The recordings of the two applications showing that translator took 59 minutes and 2 seconds to translate cultural untranslatable words/ phrases in ST. In addition the translator took 36 minutes 8 seconds for pause and online source visit. The online sites visit are: Google Search, visited for thirty-two times (47 %), Google Translate, visited for sixteen times (24 %), Wikipedia, visited for fourteen times (21 %), Thesaurus.com, visited for twice (3 %), Google Books Online, visited for twice (3 %), Journal Online, visited for once (1 %), and ProZ.com, visited for once (1 %), Keywords: cognitive process, translation process, online sources ix UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA ABSTRAK Skripsi yang berjudul “Cognitive Process in Translating Cultural Untranslatable Words” ini merupakan sebuah kajian ilmu linguistik. Penelitian ini berfokus kepada proses kognitif dalam menerjemahkan kata dari istilah budaya yang tak dapat diterjemahkan yang dilakukan oleh seorang penerjemah profesional. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah: (1) untuk menjelaskan proses kognitif penerjemah selama proses penerjemahan berlangsung, dan (2) untuk menjelaskan sumber online yang dikunjungi oleh penerjemah dalam menerjemahkan kata/frasa dari istilah budaya yang ada di Teks Sumber (TS). Penelitian ini bersifat kualitatif deskriptif dengan memilih seorang penerjemah profesional sebagai subjek penelitian. Sumber data dalam penelitian ini adalah sebuah teks seni dan pariwisata yang berjudul Gambyong Pareanom yang dikutip dari sebuah buku yang ditulis oleh R.M. Soedarsono yang berjudul Seni Pertunjukan Indonesia dan Pariwisata. Data dalam penelitian ini adalah worksheet log-file dan hasil rekaman video selama proses penerjemahan berlangsung. Adapun instrumen yang digunakan untuk mengumpulkan data yakni Translog II and Camtasia Studio 9. Hasil rekaman dari kedua aplikasi tersebut menunjukkan bahwa penerjemah membutuhkan waktu selama 59 menit 2 detik untuk menerjemahkan teks budaya yang ada di TS. Selain itu penerjemah menggunakan waktu sekitar [00:36:08] untuk berjeda dan mengunjungi sumber online. Adapun sumber online yang dikunjungi oleh penerjemah adalah: Google Search, dikunjungi sebanyak tiga puluh dua kali (47%), Google Translate, sebanyak 16 kali (24 %), Wikipedia, sebanyak empat belas kali (21 %), Thesaurus.com, sebanyak dua kali (3 %), Google Books Online, sebanyak dua kali (3 %), Journal Online, sebanyak satu kali (1 %), dan ProZ.com, sebanyak satu kali (1 %),. Kata Kunci: proses kognitif, proses penerjemahan, sumber online x UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA LIST OF FIGURES Figure 1 Overview of the translation task .................................................................... 2 Figure 2.1 “Holmes’ map” of translation studies in Toury (1995:10) ...................... 10 Figure 2.2 The Competences of Professional Translator .......................................... 25 Figure 2.3 The References of Translation .................................................................. 30 Figure 3 Data Analysis Method (Krings, 2005:148 in Christensen, 2011:141)......... 37 Figure 4 Frequency Graph of Online Resource Usage .............................................. 55 xi UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA LIST OF TABLES Table 2.1 Differences of three phases / translation process. ...................................... 16 Table 2.2 The Components of Professional Translator Competences. ...................... 25 Table 3 Keystrokes symbols on the Worksheet Translog II ...................................... 35 Table 4 The Classification of Online Sources Use ................................................... 56 xii UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA LIST OF PICTURES Picture 4.1 First step in translating from Translog II recordings ............................... 40 Picture 4.2 Linear View of Keystroke in Translog ................................................... 40 Picture 4.3 Keyboard activities (log-file) of translator ............................................. 41 Picture 4.4 Keyboard activities (log-file) ................................................................... 42 Picture 4.5 Keyboard activities (log-file) ................................................................... 43 Picture 4.6 Pause Plot Accumulations in Translation .............................................. 44 Picture 4.7 The Final Process of Translation ............................................................ 45 Picture 4.8 Screen recordings of Google Search use ................................................ 47 Picture 4.9 Screen recordings of Wikipedia use........................................................ 49 Picture 4.10 Screen recordings of Google Translate use ........................................... 50 Picture 4.11 Screen recordings of thesaurus.com ..................................................... 51 Picture 4.12 Screen recordings of Google Books online use ..................................... 52 Picture 4.13 Screen recordings
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