Masaryk University Faculty of Informatics Master Thesis Database management as a cloud-based service for small and medium organizations Student: Dime Dimovski Brno, 2013 Statement I declare that I have worked on this thesis independently using only the sources listed in the bibliography. All resources, sources, and literature, which I used in preparing or I drew on them, I quote in the thesis properly with stating the full reference to the source. Dime Dimovski 2 Resume The goal of this thesis is to explore the cloud computing, manly focusing on database management systems as a cloud service. It will give review of some of current available solutions of SQL and NOSQL based database management systems as a cloud service; advantages and disadvantages of the cloud computing in general and the common considerations. Keywords Cloud computing, SaaS, PaaS, Database management, SQL, NOSQL, DBaaS, Database.com, SQL Azure, Amazon Web Services, SimpleDB, DynamoDB, Google SQL, MongoDB, CouchDB, Google Datastore. 3 Contents 1. Introduction .................................................................................................................................... 8 2. Introduction to Cloud Computing ................................................................................................... 9 2.1 Cloud computing – definition ........................................................................................................ 9 2.2 Cloud Types .................................................................................................................................. 10 2.2.1 NIST model ............................................................................................................................... 10 2.3 Cloud computing architecture ..................................................................................................... 12 2.3.1 Infrastructure ....................................................................................................................... 13 2.3.2 Platform ............................................................................................................................... 14 2.3.3 Application Platform as a Service (APaaS ) or Virtual appliances ........................................ 15 2.3.4 Application ........................................................................................................................... 16 3. Scalability ...................................................................................................................................... 17 4. Elasticity ........................................................................................................................................ 18 5. Database Management Systems in the cloud (Database as a service) ......................................... 19 6. Database.com ............................................................................................................................... 21 6.1 Database.com Architecture ......................................................................................................... 21 6.2 Multitenant data model ............................................................................................................... 22 6.3 Multitenant indexes ..................................................................................................................... 23 6.4 Multitenant relationships ............................................................................................................ 23 6.5 Multitenant field history .............................................................................................................. 23 6.6 Partitioning of metadata, data, and index data ........................................................................... 23 6.7 Application development ............................................................................................................ 24 6.8 Data Access .................................................................................................................................. 24 6.9 Query languages .......................................................................................................................... 25 6.10 Multitenant search processing .................................................................................................... 25 4 6.11 Multitenant isolation and protection .......................................................................................... 26 6.12 Deletes, undeletes ....................................................................................................................... 27 6.13 Backup.......................................................................................................................................... 27 6.14 Pricing .......................................................................................................................................... 27 7. Microsoft’s SQL AZURE ................................................................................................................. 28 7.1 Subscriptions ................................................................................................................................ 28 7.2 Databases ..................................................................................................................................... 28 7.3 Security and Access to a SQL Azure Database ............................................................................. 29 7.4 SQL Azure architecture ................................................................................................................ 29 7.5 Logical Databases on a SQL Azure Server .................................................................................... 29 7.6 Network Topology ........................................................................................................................ 31 7.7 High Availability with SQL Azure .................................................................................................. 33 7.8 Failure Detection .......................................................................................................................... 33 7.9 Reconfiguration............................................................................................................................ 33 7.10 Availability Guarantees ................................................................................................................ 34 7.11 Scalability with SQL Azure ............................................................................................................ 34 7.12 Throttling ..................................................................................................................................... 34 7.13 Load Balancer ............................................................................................................................... 35 7.14 SQL Azure Management .............................................................................................................. 35 7.15 Pricing in SQL Azure ..................................................................................................................... 35 8. Amazon WebServices .................................................................................................................... 37 8.1 Amazon Relational Database Service (Amazon RDS) ................................................................... 37 8.2 Amazon RDS Architecture/Features ............................................................................................ 37 8.3 Scalability with Amazon RDS ........................................................................................................ 38 8.4 High Availability ........................................................................................................................... 39 8.5 Pricing .......................................................................................................................................... 39 9. Google Cloud SQL ......................................................................................................................... 40 5 9.1 Pricing .......................................................................................................................................... 41 10. Summary of RDBMSaaS and common considerations ................................................................. 42 11. NOSQL ........................................................................................................................................... 45 12. Amazon SimpleDB and DynamoDB............................................................................................... 45 12.1 Dynamo History ........................................................................................................................... 45 12.2 Amazon DynamoDB DataModel .................................................................................................. 46 12.3 Amazon DynamoDB Features ...................................................................................................... 48 12.4 Amazon SimpleDB ........................................................................................................................ 49 12.5 Pricing .......................................................................................................................................... 51 13. Google Datastore