Country Technical Note on Indigenous Peoples’ Issues Republic of the Philippines Country Technical Notes on Indigenous Peoples’ Issues REPUBLIC OF THE PHILIPPINES Submitted by: Jacqueline K. Cariño Last Update: November 2012 Disclaimer The opinions expressed in this publication are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent those of the International Fund for Agricultural Development (IFAD). The designations employed and the presentation of material in this publication do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of IFAD concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city or area or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. The designations „developed‟ and „developing‟ countries are intended for statistical convenience and do not necessarily express a judgement about the stage reached by a particular country or area in the development process. All rights reserved Table of Contents Country Technical Note on Indigenous People‟s Issues- Republic of the Philippines ......... 1 Summary .............................................................................................................. 1 1. Indigenous peoples in the Philippines ..................................................................... 2 1.1 Definition of indigenous peoples .................................................................... 2 1.2 History ...................................................................................................... 2 1.3 Population .................................................................................................. 3 1.4 Ethno-linguistic groupings ............................................................................ 3 1.5 Economic activities ...................................................................................... 5 1.6 Characteristics of indigenous peoples............................................................. 6 2. Situation of indigenous peoples ............................................................................ 7 3. National legislation on indigenous peoples ........................................................... 10 4. International treaties, declarations and conventions ratified by the country .............. 12 5. Regional, national and grass-roots organizations/networks in the country ................ 13 6. IFAD‟s work in the country with indigenous peoples ............................................... 15 7.International organizations working in the country with indigenous peoples .............. 25 8.Good practices by the UN and international organizations ....................................... 26 9.Relevant information for IFAD‟s engagement with indigenous peoples ...................... 27 10. Bibliography and relevant links ......................................................................... 29 Annexes .............................................................................................................. 31 Table 1: List of indigenous people in the Philippines ............................................. 31 Table 2: NCIP Data: Regional population distribution of the different Ethnolinguistic Groups of the Philippines ................................................................................. 34 Table 3: List of indigenous peoples'groups in the Philippines by province ................ 39 List of Figures Figure 1: Geographic distribution of Philippine Indigenous Peoples ................................ 3 Figure 2: Livelihood mix among indigenous peoples in the Philippines ........................... 6 Figure 3: Levels of educational attainment in indigenous communities .......................... 8 Figure 4: Enabling and constraining factors in indigenous peoples' food systems .......... 10 Acronyms and Abbreviations ADB Asian Development Bank ADSDPPs Ancestral Domain Sustainable Development and Protection Plans Anthrowatch Anthropology Watch ARMM Autonomous Region in Muslim Mindanao AusAid Australian Government's overseas Aid Program BCR Boundary Conflict Resolution BDPs Barangay Development Plans BNRMPs Barangay Natural Resources development plans CADC Certificate of Ancestral Domain Claim area CADT Certificate of Ancestral Domain Title CALT Certificate of Ancestral Land Title CAR Cordillera Administrative Region CAT Convention against Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment CBD Convention on Biological Diversity CBFM Community-Based Forestry Management CBFMA Community-Based Forestry Management Agreement CEDAW Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination against Women CEDAW-OP The Optional Protocol to the Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women CHARMP Cordillera Highland Agricultural Resource Management Project CHARMP 2 Second Cordillera Highland Agricultural Resource Management Project CISs Communal Irrigation Systems CITES Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Flora and Fauna CMW International Convention on the Protection of All Migrant Workers and Members of their Families COSOP Country Strategic Opportunities Programme CPA Cordillera Peoples Alliance for the Defense of the Ancestral Domain and for Self-determination CP-FPIC Certificates of Precondition for Free and Prior Informed Consent CRC Convention on the Rights of the Child CRC-OP-AC Optional Protocol to the Convention on the Rights of the Child on the involvement of children in armed conflict CRC-OP-SC Optional Protocol to the Convention on the Rights of the Child on the Sale of Children, child prostitution and child pornography CSC Certificate of Stewardship Contract DA-CAR Department of Agriculture- Cordillera Administrative Region Evangelischer Entwicklungsdienst e. V of Germany- Philippine Partners Task EED-TFIP Force for Indigenous Peoples‟ Rights FAO Food and Agriculture Organisation FMRs Farmer to Market Roads FPIC Free, Prior and Informed Consent ICCPR International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights ICCPR-OP1 Optional Protocol to the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights ICCPR-OP2 Optional Protocol (2) to the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights ICCs/IPs Indigenous Cultural Communities/Indigenous Peoples ICERD International Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination ICESCR International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights ICRAF World Agroforestry Centre IFAD International Fund for Agricultural Development IFC International Finance Corporation IFIs International Financial Institutions IKSP Indigenous Knowledge Systems and Practices ILO International Labour Organisation IPex Inter-peoples Exchange IPM Integrated Pest Management IPRA Indigenous Peoples‟ Rights Act IPRM Indigenous Peoples‟ Rights Monitor IRPEP Irrigated Rice Production Enhancement Project IWGIA International Work Group for Indigenous Affairs JBIC Japan Bank for International Cooperation KALUMARAN Kusog sa Katawhang Lumad sa Mindanao (Alliance of Indigenous Peoples in Mindanao) KAMP Kalipunan ng Katutubong Mamamayan ng Pilipinas KASAPI Koalisyon ng Katutubong Mamamayan ng Pilipinas LGU Local Government Unit LRC-KSK/FOE Legal Rights and Natural Resources Center/Friends of the Earth Philippines Phils M&E Monitoring & Evaluation MFIs Microfinance Institutions MNLF Moro National Liberation Front MPFD Master Plan for Forestry Development NCIP National Commission on Indigenous Peoples NGOs Non-Governmental Organisations NIPAS National Integrated Protected Areas System NSCB National Statistics Coordination Board ODA Official Development Assistance OFID OPEC Fund for International Development PAFID Philippines Association for Intercultural Development Inc PANLIPI Legal Assistance Center for Indigenous Filipinos PFO/DAR Project Facilitation Office / Department of Agrarian Reform PIPLINKS Indigenous Peoples Links PMU Programme Management Unit POs Professional Organisations PSO Project Support Office RAFPEP Rapid Food Production Enhancement Programme RaSSFiP Rapid Seed Supply Financing Project RUMEPP Rural Microenterprise Promotion Programme RUPES Rewarding Upland Poor of Asia for the Environmental Services They Provide SBGFC Small Business Guarantee and Finance Corporation SHGs Self-help Groups SMEs Small and Medium-sized Enterprises SO1 Strategic objective 1 SO2 Strategic objective 2 SO3 Strategic objective 3 SRI System of Rice Intensification UNCLOS United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea UNDP United Nations Development Programme WB World Bank WIPO Convention Establishing the World Intellectual Property Organization Country Technical Note on Indigenous People’s Issues Republic of the Philippines To facilitate policy implementation at the country level, IFAD‟s Policy on Engagement with Indigenous Peoples (2009) recommended that Country Technical Notes be prepared to provide country-specific information on indigenous peoples, as well as to contribute to the development of country programme strategies and project design. A number of them have been prepared by indigenous peoples‟ leaders with the support of indigenous peoples‟ organizations. The Notes are intended as “living documents” to support learning on indigenous peoples‟ issues. Summary The indigenous peoples in the Philippines are officially recognized by the Philippine Constitution and the Indigenous Peoples‟ Rights Act (IPRA). There are no accurate figures on the population of indigenous peoples because of the lack of any formal census. The most recent figures based on an unofficial