CORE Metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk Provided by CGSpace Mekelle University College of Dryland Agriculture and Natural Resources Department of Animal, Rangeland and Wildlife Sciences Honey and Beeswax Value Chains Analysis: The Case of Adwa and Ahferom Districts, Central Tigray, Ethiopia BY Abrehet Gebrekristos A Thesis Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirement for the Master of Science Degree in Livestock Production and Pastoral Development Major advisor: Kebede Manjur (Asst. Prof.) Co-advisor: Mohammed Tilahun (MSc.) Yayneshet Tesfay (Associate Professor, PhD.) From International Livestock Research Institute (ILRI) December, 2015 Mekelle, Ethiopia i Declaration This is to certify that this thesis entitled “Honey and Beeswax Value Chains Analysis: The Case of Adwa and Ahferom Districts, Central Tigray, Ethiopia” submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the award of the degree of M.Sc., in Livestock production and Pastoral Development to the School of Graduate Studies, Mekelle University, through the Department of Animal, Rangeland and Wildlife Sciences, done by Abrehet Gebrekristos, ID. No. CDA/PR/001/06 and an authentic work carried out by her under my guidance. The matter embodied in this project work has not been submitted earlier for award of any degree or diploma to the best of my knowledge and belief. Name of Student Signature Date Abrehet Gebrekristos ________________ ____________ Name of major advisors Kebede Manjur (Asst. Prof.) ________________ ____________ Mohammed Tilahun (MSc.) ________________ _____________ Dr. Yayneshet Tesfay _________________ _____________ Name of internal examiner Tikabo G/Mariam (Asst. Prof.) Name of external examiner Dr. Amssalu Bezabeh Name of chairperson M.r Ayele Taye ii Biographical Sketch The author was born in Adwa woreda Central Zone of Tigray Regional State on September 1, 1987. She attended her elementary school in Mariam Shewito Elementary School (1996-2003) and secondary school education in Adwa Queen Sheba Comprehensive secondary school from (2004-2007) . Then, she joined Axum University in 200 8 and completed with B.Sc. Degree in Range management, Animal Science and Marketing in July, 2010. After graduation, she worked in Adwa Woreda Office of Agriculture and Rural Development for about two years and six months. Finally, she joined in Mekelle University since 2014 to pursue her MSc. degree in Livestock Production and Pastoral Development. iii Acknowledgement Above all, I would like to thanks to my almighty God for his help in passing me through the complicated situations and for his help and strength during my whole study time. I primarily desire to express my special appreciation and heartfelt gratitude for the guidance, support and inspiration of my Advisors Yaynshet Tesfay (PhD), Kebede Manjur (Asst. Prof.) and Mohammed Tilahun (MSc) for their critical comments starting from the research proposal to the final thesis writing. I would like to thank to ILRI project for the financial support to pursue my MSc degree and supporting the entire field work. Moreover, it was a great pleasure to extend my appreciation to staff members of ILRI project for their facilitation of the study process and encouragement. I would like to thank all staff members and development agents of Adwa and Ahferom woredas Agriculture and Rural Development Offices for their cooperation to access the available data from woreda offices and all sample respondents for this study. My special heartfelt thank to my instructor Tikabo Gebremariam for his valuable support and encouragement in my endeavor. iv Abbreviation and Acronomy CSA Central Statistical Agency DAs Development Agents DCSI Dedebit Credit and Saving Institution E.C Ethiopia Calendar ETB Ethiopian Birr FAO Food and Agricultural Organization of the United Nations FTC Farmers Training Center G.C Gregorian calendar HABP Household Asset Building Program HH Head of the Householder ILRI International Livestock Research Institutions IPMS Improve Productivity and Market Success Km Kilometer LPM Liner Probability Model NGOs Non Governmental Organizations OoARD Offices of Agricultural and Rural Development PA Peasant Association PSNP Productive Safety Net Program REST Relief Society of Tigray TAMPA Tigray Agricultural Marketing Promotion Agency TARI Tigray Agricultural Research Institute TLU Tropical Livestock Unit v Table of Contents Contents Pages Declaration ...................................................................................................................................... ii Biographical Sketch ....................................................................................................................... iii Acknowledgement ......................................................................................................................... iv Abbreviation and Acronomy........................................................................................................... v List of Tables ............................................................................................................................... viii List of Figures ................................................................................................................................ ix Abstract ........................................................................................................................................... x Chapter one: Introduction ............................................................................................................... 1 1.1. Backgrounds and Justifications ............................................................................................ 1 1.2. Statements of the problem .................................................................................................... 2 1.3. Objectives of the study ......................................................................................................... 3 1.3.1. General objective ........................................................................................................... 3 1.3.2. Specific objectives ......................................................................................................... 3 1.4. Research questions ............................................................................................................... 3 1.5. Significance of the study ...................................................................................................... 4 1.6. Scope and limitations of the study ....................................................................................... 4 1.7. Organization of the study ..................................................................................................... 4 Chapter two: Literature Reviews .................................................................................................... 5 2.1. Concepts and definitions ...................................................................................................... 5 2.2. Beekeeping production system in Ethiopia .......................................................................... 7 2.3. Socio-economic importance of beekeeping ......................................................................... 9 2.4. Constraints of honey and beeswax value chains ................................................................ 10 Chapter three: Materials and Methods .......................................................................................... 12 3.1. Descriptions of the study areas........................................................................................... 12 3.2. Sampling procedures .......................................................................................................... 14 3. 3. Method of data collection .................................................................................................. 15 3.4. Methods of data analysis .................................................................................................... 16 3.5. Definitions of variables ...................................................................................................... 17 Chapter four: Results and Discussions ......................................................................................... 20 vi 4.1. Demographic and socio-economic characteristics of respondents ..................................... 20 4.1.1. Demographic and socio-economic characteristics of farmers ..................................... 20 4.1.2. Characteristics of traders ............................................................................................. 29 4.1.3. Characteristics of processors ....................................................................................... 29 4.2. Description and characterization of value chain functions, actors and services providers along the honey and beeswax value chain ................................................................................ 29 4.2.1. Honey and beeswax value chain functions .................................................................. 29 4.2.2. Honey and beeswax value chain map .......................................................................... 37 4.2.3. Honey and beeswax value chain actors and their contribution ................................... 39 4.2.4. Honey and beeswax value chain service providers and their contribution .................. 40 4.3. Factors affecting farmers participation in honey and beeswax value chains ....................