An international monograph series of palaeontology and FOSSILS stratigraphy STRATAAND Number 61 • September 2016 Morphology, phylogeny and taxonomy of osteolepiform fish Ulf J. Borgen and Hans A. Nakrem Notes for authors Please consult the editor at an early stage regarding the suitability of the Copyright. – The Lethaia Foundation owns the copyright to Fossils and Strata topic, technical requirements, and financing. Final acceptance for publica- and licenses it to John Wiley & Sons Inc. The authors must declare in writing tion, however, will not be made until the manuscript has been refereed. the transfer of all rights to copyright to the Foundation. The author(s) will be Detailed instructions for the preparations and organisation of manu- asked to complete a copyright transfer agreement at the time of acceptance scripts are available on the Lethaia Foundation and John Wiley & Sons Inc. of the manuscript. web pages. These should be followed prior to submission of manuscripts. 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Nakrem Acknowledgements Financial support for the publication of this issue of Fossils and Strata was provided by the Lethaia Foundation and the Stensiö Foundation Contents Introduction ................................................................................................1 Position of pineal foramen .......................................................203 General taxonomy .......................................................................................2 Shape of pineal openings ..........................................................204 ‘Crossoptgerygii’ and ‘Rhipidistia’......................................................... 2 Size of pineal fenestra and presence of pineal plates ...........204 Osteolepiform subdivisions .................................................................. 3 Sensory canals ................................................................................204 Terminology ............................................................................................ 4 Pitlines .............................................................................................205 Cranial roof .........................................................................................4 Parietal shield ......................................................................................206 Endocranium .................................................................................... 13 Relative lengths of fronto-ethmoidal and parietal shields ......206 Dermal bones in mouth roof .........................................................13 Shape of parietal shield .................................................................207 Lower jaw ..........................................................................................14 Proportions .................................................................................207 Operculo-gular bones...................................................................... 15 Protruding posterior margin ...................................................209 Upper Palaeozoic fossil locality in the Oslo Region ............................16 Position of spiracular incision .................................................212 Stratigraphy ........................................................................................... 16 Relative length of the spiracular incision ..............................213 Descriptions ............................................................................................... 18 Parietals............................................................................................214 Material, methods and repository ......................................................18 Shape of parietals .......................................................................214 Genus Askerichthys n. gen. ............................................................ 20 Parietal structures ......................................................................214 Askerichthys heintzi n. sp. ..........................................................20 Intertemporals ................................................................................215 Genus Megalichthys Agassiz, 1835 ................................................ 62 Shape of interpemporal ............................................................215 Megalichthys cf. M. hibberti Agassiz, 1835............................... 62 Anterior intertemporal margin and process in post- Megalichthys pygmaeus Tranquair, 1879 .................................97 Devonian taxa ...........................................................................216 Megalichthys syndentolaminaris n. sp. .................................... 99 Anterior intertemporal processes in Devonian forms .........222 Genus Latvius Jarvik, 1948 ..........................................................100 On the function of the intracranial joint ...............................223 Latvius grewingki (Gross, 1933) ..............................................101 Lateral shelf of intertemporal ..................................................223 Latvius deckerti Jensen, 1966 ..................................................114 Ventral surface of intertemporal .............................................224 Latvius sp. Jensen, 1966 ............................................................121 Supratemporals ...............................................................................228 Latvius cf. L. niger Jensen, 1973 ..............................................128 Shape............................................................................................228 Genus Osteolepis Agassiz, 1835 ....................................................130 Ventral surface and lateral margin ..........................................228 Osteolepis macrolepidotus Agassiz, 1835 ................................131 Spiracular structures ......................................................................231 Genus Gyroptychius McCoy, 1848 ..............................................131 Extension of the spiracular opening .......................................231 Gyroptychius milleri (Jarvik, 1948) ........................................131 Types of spiracular openings ...................................................232 Gyroptychius groenlandicus Jarvik, 1950a ............................141 Possible muscle insertions around the spiraculum ..............233 Morphologic comparisons and discussions ........................................160 Extratemporal (= postspiraculars) ..............................................236 Fronto-ethmoidal shield ...................................................................160 Sensory canals ................................................................................236 General shape ............................................................................160 Course of sensory canal ...........................................................236 Interpremaxilla ..............................................................................162