2nd International Seminar on Education 2017 Empowering Local Wisdom on Education for Global Issue Batusangkar, September 05-06-2017 THE INTERNALIZATION OF THE CHARACTER OF UTHMAN IBN 'AFFAN AS A COMPANION OF RASULILLAH SAW AND A LEADER OF THE MUSLIM UMMAH: A STUDY OF ANALYSIS OF THE PERSPECTIVE OF ISLAMIC HISTORY Fatmawati Institut Agama Islam Negeri Batusangkar, Sumatera Barat, Indonesia ABSTRACT This paper aims to describe Utsman ibn 'Affan's concise bioghraphy as a companion of the Prophet and as a Muslim leader. This paper describes Uthman's characters relating to religious character, self-related characters, community-related characters, those related to the state and nation. As a companion of Rasulillah SAW and the Leader of the Muslim Ummah, he became anexample and a role model in the life of religion and state in general, and in the world of education in particular. Keywords: internalization, Ustman ibn Affan, character, Muslim Ummah, perspective of Islamic history. INTRODUCTION many, always kept his honor and wasgenerous. Uthman was also a wealthy tsman ibn Affan has a full name Abu merchant. His life was all well and luxurious. UAbdillah ‘Utsman Ibn ‘Affan Ibn Abi al His clothes were expensive and beautiful. ‘Ash ibn Umayyah ibn ‘Abd Syam ibn ‘Abd According to Ibn Sa'ad, Salim Abi Amir once Manaf ibn Qushayy al Amawiy whose nasab said "I see Uthman ibn Affan wearing a coat meets the nasab of Rasulullah SAW on his purchased in Yemen that costs a hundred grandfather named 'Abd Manaf ibn Qushayy. dirhams”. Ibn Sa'ad also narrated, from His mother was Rumiy bint Kurayz ibn Muhammad ibn Rabi'ah ibn Harith who said, Rabi'ah ibn Habib ibn 'Abd Manaf.Uthtman "The Prophet's friends used to be very was bornfive years after the birth of the generous to give the clothes they wear. I saw Prophet Muhammad, or as it was said, in the Uthman wearing clothes with silk embroidered sixth year of the Elephant Year. As a member ends, costing for two hundred dirhams. of the Bani Amawiy family, 'Uthman had been Uthman also tightened his teeth with gold ". It trained to trade from his childhood, and as an shows the prosperity of his life he once adult he had become a great merchant who enjoyed and the wealth he possessed. (al- possessed enormous wealth. 'Uthman is known Quraibi: 2009: 556). to be very shy, so before he entered Islam he 'Ustman was named Dzu al Nurayn, never drank khamar at all, because of shame in who twice became the son-in-law of Prophet case he would get drunk after drinking it. SAW i.e., Ruqayyah bint Muhammad SAW Therefore, 'Uthman is very beloved by all and Ummu Kaltsum bint Muhammad SAW. Quraysy people, not only by his family In 'Uthman embraced Islam at the invitation of addition, Uthman was also a leader among his Abu Bakr, his fellow trader. After he people of the Quraysh tribe. (Fatmawati, 2010: embraced Islam, the Prophet SAW married 146). him with his daughter Ruqayyah bint Uthman grew up with a noble Muhammad. When the Muslims migrated to character, praiseworthy manner, loved by 175 2nd International Seminar on Education 2017 Empowering Local Wisdom on Education for Global Issue Batusangkar, September 05-06-2017 Abessenia for the first time, 'Uthman and his and in Indonesian it is commonly used with wife went out to emigrate, but then they character terms. In the Kamus Besar Bahasa returned to Makkah. When the Muslims Indonesia, composed by National migrated to Medina, 'Uthman and his wife Department of Education, the word character Ruqayyah went to Medina. (Fatmawati, 2010: means psychological qualities, morals or 146). manners that distinguish one person from When the Prophet set out to lead the another or having innate meaning: heart, Muslims to the Badr Valley, Ruqayyah fell ill, soul, personality, character, behavior, so the Prophet SAW assigned Uthman to personality, nature, temperament, character. guard her, and at the time of Badr War on 17 Then, the term character means to have a Ramadhan 2 H, Ruqayyah died in Medina. character, and personality, to behave, to have Therefore, although 'Uthman did not take part nature. An individual who has good or in the Battle of Badr, he was still regarded as a superior characters is someone who tries to do Badriyyun (those who joined Badr). Later, the the best things to the Almighty God, to Prophet (SAS) again married 'Uthman with his himself or herself, to fellow men, to the another daughter, Ummu Kaltsum. Prophet environment, his or her nation and Country Muhammad SAW said: "If I had a third and to the world, in general, by optimizing his daughter I would have married her to or her knowledge potential and accompanied Uthman". The scholars said, "Historically, no by awareness, emotion, motivation, and person ever married with two daughters of a feelings. Prophet other than Uthman ibn Affan, he was While according to the terminology, one of ten friends who were guaranteed to there are several notions of character as stated enter Paradise and one of the Companions who by experts quoted by Heri Gunawan (2012 p. compiled the Qur'an. (Al Mishri, 2010: 303 - 2-3) as follows: 304). a. Hornby and Parwell (1972) defines Uthman ibn Affan is a generous and character as a mental or moral quality, generous person. He has even donated most of moral force, name or reputation his wealth in the way of Allah SWT. The b. Tadkirotun Musrifoh defines it as Prophet himself acknowledged his generosity. behaviors, motivations, and skills. The Companions always compete for charity to character comes from the Greek meaning seek Allah's approval, especially in difficult tomark or mark and focuses on how to times. One of them is Uthman ibn Affan. He apply the value of kindness in the form of belongs to a rich friend, and his wealth is spent action or behavior in the way of Allah solely hoping His pleasure c. Hermawan Kartajaya (2010) defines and reward. This is not surprising since character as characteristic possessed by an Uthman was educated directly by the Prophet object or individual (human). This Muhammad who, in doing good, was always characteristic is original, and is rooted in faster than others. (al-Quraibi: 2009: 579). the personality of the object or individual and is the engine of how one acts, behaves, CHARACTER says, and responds to something. d. Simon Philips (2008), character is a 1. Character Definition collection of values that lead to a system, The meaning of the character can be which underlies the thoughts, attitudes, and reviewed from two contexts, namely the behaviors displayed. context of language and the term context. e. Doni Koesoema A. (2007) understands that According to the language (etymology), the character is similar to personality. term character comes from the Latin word Personality is regarded as a characteristic or kharakter, kharassaein, and kharax. In the characteristic or unique style or Greek, character derives from the word characteristic of a person deriving from the charassein which means to make sharp and formations received from the environment. make it deep. In English it is called characters 176 2nd International Seminar on Education 2017 Empowering Local Wisdom on Education for Global Issue Batusangkar, September 05-06-2017 f. Wannie understands that the term character is understood that these four values are has two notions of character. First, it shows essentially not entirely, for the Prophet is also how a person behaves. When a person known for his patience, his sincerity and so on. behaves dishonestly, cruelly, or greedily, Shiddiq means true, that Prophet SAW is surely the person is manifesting bad committed to the truth, always saying and behavior. Conversely, if a person behaves doing right and striving to uphold the truth. honestly, like to help, surely the person Tabligh which means communicative reflects manifests the noble character. Second, the that whoever is the counterpart of the Prophet term character is closely related to SAW, then it will be easy for that person will 'personality'. A person can only be called a to understand what is discussed, conveyed, person of character, if his behavior is in and meant by the Prophet SAW. Amanah accordance with moral rules which means honest or reliable reflects that g. Al Ghazali assumes that the character is what is said and done by the Prophet SAW can closer to morality, i.e., spontaneity of a be trusted by anyone, either by Muslims or man in showing attitude, or doing deeds non-Muslims. Fathanah, means is intelligent, that have been united in man so that when brilliant and wise, has a broad knowledge, it appears, it is no need to think again. skilled and professional, meaning the behavior of Prophet SAW can be accountable for its Based on the above understanding, it existence in solving the problem. In addition to can be understood that the character is the the above description, Allah SWT also asserts original state that exists within the individual it in Surah al Ahzab verse 21: who distinguishes between himself or herself ﺳﻮة ﺣـﻠـﻘـﺪ ﻛﺎن ﻟـﻜـﻢ ﻓﻲ رﺳـﻮل and others. The notion of character, and اﻟـﻠـﮭﺴﻮة ﺣـ .personality often exchanges in its use Therefore, it is not surprising if in its use, Meaning: Surely there is, in the Messenger of someone sometimes mentions character, or God, a good example for you. personality. This is because the three terms do have something in common that is a genuine Thus, it is clear that Rasulullah SAW thing that exists within an individual which is an exemplary model of applying good tends to stay permanently.