The EU ADVANCED Project: Description and Analysis of Post- licence Driver and Rider Training FINAL REPORT September 30, 2002 Publishing details Authors and members of the Advanced scientific committee: Gregor BARTL, Kuratorium für Verkehrssicherheit, Vienna, Austria Chris BAUGHAN, Transport Research Laboratory, Crowthorne, UK Jean-Pierre FOUGĒRE, Ministère de l'Equipement, des Transports, du Logement, du Tourisme et de la Mer, Paris, France Nils-Petter GREGERSEN & Anders NYBERG, Swedish National Road and Transport Research Institute, Linköping, Sweden Heleen GROOT & Nick SANDERS, CIECA project office, The Hague, Netherlands Esko KESKINEN & Mika HATAKKA, University of Turku, Finland Marc PANNACCI, Centre de Formation pour Conducteurs, Colmar-Berg, Luxembourg Georg WILLMES-LENZ, Bundesanstalt für Straßenwesen, Bergisch Gladbach, Germany Further authors: Michael BAHR, Bundesanstalt für Straßenwesen, Bergisch Gladbach, Germany Günter STUMMVOLL, Kuratorium für Verkehrssicherheit, Vienna, Austria European Commission supervisor: Herald RUYTERS, DG TREN, European Commission, Brussels, Belgium This project benefitted from funding from the European Commission, DG TREN. Published by: CIECA (Commission Internationale des Examens de Conduite Automobile) Sir Winston Churchilllaan 297 NL- 2288 DC Rijswjik ISBN: 90-76408-11-4 1st edition © 2002 by CIECA, The Hague, Netherlands. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, copied, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, without the prior permission in writing of the publisher and indication of the source. Printed in the Netherlands 2 It is not the message which is delivered, but the message which is received by the participant(s) that counts 3 Table of Contents Publishing details .................................................................................................................................2 Summary of report ...............................................................................................................................7 1. BACKGROUND .............................................................................................................................8 2. THE ADVANCED PROJECT 2001-2002: STRUCTURE AND OBJECTIVES...........................9 a) Statement on research methodology ..............................................................................................10 b) How to read the report ...................................................................................................................11 3. LITERATURE STUDY.................................................................................................................12 a) Introduction....................................................................................................................................12 b) Evaluation studies..........................................................................................................................12 c) Content and methods of advanced training courses.......................................................................27 d) Context conditions in courses for novice drivers ..........................................................................34 e) Discussion and general conclusions...............................................................................................36 4. THE LEARNING CONTEXT.......................................................................................................39 a) Training: a definition .....................................................................................................................39 b) Characteristics of adult based learning..........................................................................................39 c) Designing to learn..........................................................................................................................40 d) Training at different levels.............................................................................................................42 e) Limits of a one day course.............................................................................................................42 5. VOLUNTARY POST-LICENCE DRIVER TRAINING: DESCRIPTION .................................43 a) The context of driver training ........................................................................................................43 b) Course formats...............................................................................................................................44 c) Driver training in each EU Member State .....................................................................................46 d) Track-based training ......................................................................................................................52 e) On-road training.............................................................................................................................59 f) Young driver training .....................................................................................................................63 g) Trainers of post-licence, voluntary driver training........................................................................68 h) Quality Assurance..........................................................................................................................70 i) Evaluation of training effects .........................................................................................................73 j) Strengths and Weaknesses..............................................................................................................74 6. ANALYSIS & CONCLUSIONS FOR VOLUNTARY, POST-LICENCE DRIVER TRAINING ............................................................................................................................................................76 a) Sectoral / policy level.....................................................................................................................77 b) The Course Provider level .............................................................................................................81 c) The Trainer.....................................................................................................................................84 d) Participant / fleet company ............................................................................................................88 e) Specific comments: Track-based training......................................................................................89 f) Specific comments: On-road courses.............................................................................................98 g) Conclusions in bulletpoints: voluntary, post-licence driver training...........................................102 7. VOLUNTARY POST-LICENCE RIDER TRAINING: DESCRIPTION ..................................103 a) The context of rider training ........................................................................................................103 b) Rider training in each Member State...........................................................................................104 c) The objectives of rider training....................................................................................................107 d) Content of rider training ..............................................................................................................109 e) Principles and methods ................................................................................................................111 f) Quality assurance .........................................................................................................................112 4 g) Equipment and facilities ..............................................................................................................113 8. ANALYSIS & CONCLUSIONS FOR POST-LICENCE RIDER TRAINING..........................114 a) Obstacles to participation in formal rider training.......................................................................114 b) Interpreting the motivations of rider training participants...........................................................115 c) Why are rider training programmes often heavily skills-based? .................................................115 d) The need for basic skills refreshment ..........................................................................................116 e) Balancing skills with risk awareness ...........................................................................................116 f) Blending class, road and track training ........................................................................................116 g) The views of international representatives ..................................................................................117 9. RECOMMENDATIONS FOR POST-LICENCE DRIVER / RIDER TRAINING....................118 a) Course construction .....................................................................................................................119 b) Course content .............................................................................................................................121 c) Quality of trainers ........................................................................................................................126 d) Other quality issues .....................................................................................................................134