CA Emergency Mgmt. Agency Safety Assessment Program Evaluator Manual April 2011 State of California Safety Assessment Program Evaluator Student Manual April 2011 Version 11 For current SAP information, please visit our website at www.calema.ca.gov, under the “Recovery” heading, under the “Safety Assessment Program” link there. 1 CA Emergency Mgmt. Agency Safety Assessment Program Evaluator Manual April 2011 Acknowledgements The California Emergency Management Agency (Cal EMA) gratefully acknowledges the assistance provided by Global Emergency Management and representatives of the Structural Engineers Association of California, the American Institute of Architects, the American Society of Civil Engineers, the American Construction Inspectors Association, the California Building Officials, and the State of California Division of the State Architect, Department of Transportation, and the Department of Water Resources for their time and consideration in reviewing and commenting on this document. Cal EMA wishes to acknowledge the many organizations and individuals who contributed or permitted use of their photos for use in this instruction manual. Photo credits are found beneath each individual photo, when known. Cal EMA also acknowledges the assistance of the Applied Technology Council in allowing the reproduction and use of their photographs and diagrams used in this manual as well. 2 CA Emergency Mgmt. Agency Safety Assessment Program Evaluator Manual April 2011 Table of Contents Title page………………………………………………………………………………………...1 Acknowledgments……………………………………………………………………………….2 Introduction…………………………………………………………………………...…………5 Unit 1: Safety Assessment Program Overview………………………………………………..7 1.1 Concept of Emergency Operations…………………………………………………………..9 1.2 Evaluator Credentials……………………………………………………………………..…11 1.3 Deputizing of Individuals………………………………………………………………..….13 1.4 Liability Issues………………………………………………………………………………13 1.5 Workers Compensation for California Disaster Service Workers (DSWs)…………..……..16 1.6 Program Registration……………………………………………………………………..….17 1.7 Reimbursements……………………………………………………………………….…….18 1.8 Activation Sequence………………………………………………………………...……….19 1.9 Suggested Evaluator Assignments……………………...……………………………………20 1.10 Safety Assessment Responsibilities for Agencies and Organizations…………………..….21 1.11 Evaluator and Local Government Roles and Responsibilities……………….……………..24 1.12 Terminology…………...…………………………………………………………………....25 Unit 2: Safety Assessment Process and Procedures………………………………………….29 2.1 Earthquake Effects…………………………………………….…………………………….31 2.2 Windstorm and Flood Effects…………………………………………………....……….....39 2.3 Explosion Effects……………………………………………………………………………42 2.4 The Safety Assessment Program………………………………………………………...…..44 2.5 Placards Used for Safety Assessment……………………………………….………………45 2.6 Evaluation Process……………………………………………………………………..……61 2.7 Detailed Evaluation……………………………………………………………………...…..66 2.8 Engineering Evaluation……………………………………………………………..……….66 2.9 Evaluation Procedures…………………………………………………………………...…..69 Unit 3: Building Evaluation…………………………...……………………………………….77 3.1 Occupancy of Residential Structures to Reduce Shelter Demand…………………………..79 3.2 Mobile Homes and Manufactured Homes………………………………………………..…80 3.3 Historic Structures…………………………………………………………………………..88 3.4 Individual Activity: Evaluation of Residential Structures…………………………………..96 Unit 4: Safety Assessment Exercise………………………………………………………….103 4.1 Small Group Activity Evaluating Buildings…………………….…………………………105 Unit 5: Lifeline Systems and Facilities…………………………...…………………………..129 5.1 Assessment Form Heading…………………………………………………………………132 5.2 Geotechnical Evaluation……………………………………………………………………134 5.3 Airports……………………………………………………………………………………..141 5.4 Bridges…………………………………………………………………………..………….145 5.5 Roads and Highways………………………………………………………………….……150 5.6 Pipelines…………………………………………………………………………….………155 5.7 Pump Stations………………………………………………………………………...…….161 3 CA Emergency Mgmt. Agency Safety Assessment Program Evaluator Manual April 2011 5.8 Reservoirs……………………………………………………………………..……………165 5.9 Wastewater Treatment Plants………………………………………………………………171 5.10 Water Treatment Plants…………………………………………………………….……..176 Table of Contents (continued) 5.11 Non-Jurisdictional Dams (California)………………………………….…………………181 Unit 6: Non-Earthquake Hazards…………………………..………………………………..183 6.1 High Winds…………………………..…………………………………………………….185 6.2 Floods………………………………………………………………………………………192 6.3 Fires……………………………………………………………………………….………..200 6.4 Explosions…………………………………………………………………………………..203 Unit 7: Field Safety…………………………………………………..………………………..209 7.1 During Inspections………………………………………………………….………………211 7.2 Critical Incident Stress Disorder………………………………………………...………….217 7.3 Hazardous Materials………………………………………………………………….…….219 7.4 Urban Search and Rescue (USAR) Marking System…………………………………..…..225 7.5 Building Assessment Safety Checklist……………………………………………………..229 Appendix……………………………………………………………..………………………..231 4 CA Emergency Mgmt. Agency Safety Assessment Program Evaluator Manual April 2011 Introduction The Safety Assessment Program (SAP) provides professional resources to local governments to help with the safety evaluation of buildings and infrastructure after a disaster. The goal of the Safety Assessment Program is to perform these safety assessments as quickly as possible. With its origins in the response to the 1971 San Fernando Earthquake, SAP has been successful during more recent earthquakes such as Loma Prieta (1989), Landers – Big Bear (1992), Humboldt (1992), Northridge (1994), Napa (2000), San Simeon (2003), and the Baja Earthquake (2010). SAP was also used under the interstate Emergency Management Assistance Compact (EMAC) to help local governments in Louisiana and Mississippi after Hurricane Katrina (2005). Private industry volunteers, local government mutual aid, and state agency resources are used to provide professional engineers, architects, geologists, and certified building inspectors to help local governments perform safety evaluations of their built environment after a disaster. The California Emergency Management Agency (Cal EMA) manages the Safety Assessment Program, in cooperation with partnering professional organizations. SAP provides two types of resources: SAP Evaluators, who work in the field performing safety evaluations, and SAP Coordinators, who are local government lead personnel that coordinate the field activities. The Evaluator training is the focus of this manual. Cal EMA is pleased that you are interested in participating in this program as an Evaluator. Your role will be essential in the first days after a destructive event to evaluate the safety of potentially damaged structures. There are also some examples of “best practices” obtained over the years that will be passed on to you. Finally, the information that you gather will be very useful for the recovery of the community you are assisting. We look forward to working with you in this program. 5 CA Emergency Mgmt. Agency Safety Assessment Program Evaluator Manual April 2011 (This page intentionally left blank) 6 CA Emergency Mgmt. Agency Safety Assessment Program Evaluator Manual April 2011 UNIT 1: SAFETY ASSESSMENT PROGRAM OVERVIEW 7 CA Emergency Mgmt. Agency Safety Assessment Program Evaluator Manual April 2011 UNIT 1 – SAFETY ASSESSMENT PROGRAM OVERVIEW Overview This unit presents an introduction to the Safety Assessment Program and discusses credentials, how the program is organized, how deployment takes place, liability issues, and workers compensation. It ends with a glossary of common terms used in emergency management and safety assessment. Training Goal Provide the participants with a basic understanding of the program so as to see their role in it. Objectives At the end of this unit, participants will be able to: Understand the liability immunity and workers compensation aspects of this program; Know how to be deployed to a disaster; Identify where they fit in the overall emergency operation; and Know and use the common terms used in emergency management and safety assessment. 8 CA Emergency Mgmt. Agency Safety Assessment Program Evaluator Manual April 2011 1.0 Safety Assessment Program Overview Safety assessment is the process by which structures and specific lifeline systems and facilities are evaluated for their safety, either for immediate use, conditional use, or disuse. The Safety Assessment Program (SAP) was developed to help local government building departments after a disaster by providing additional architects, civil engineers, and building inspectors to help rapidly complete the surge of safety evaluations made necessary by the event. The beginnings of this program started with the 1971 San Fernando Earthquake, when private industry volunteers asked to help local governments with the demands caused by the event. It became more formalized after the 1986 Whittier-Narrows Earthquake. The Applied Technology Council of Redwood City, CA was contracted by the State of California to standardize safety assessment methods and forms; they produced ATC-20: Procedures for Postearthquake Safety Evaluation of Buildings, which became available in 1989, three weeks before the Loma Prieta Earthquake struck. The program was revised after Loma Prieta to improve the placards, and was revamped in 2002 to include damage review from windstorms, floods, and fires. In 2005, damage from explosions was included as part of the program. Jim Alexander and Rick Ranous, SE, both of the California Governor‟s Office of Emergency Services,