Imperialism • Element: Describe imperialism in Africa and Asia by comparing British policies in Africa, French policies in Indochina, and Japanese policies in Asia; include the influence of geography and natural resources. • Vocabulary: imperialism Imperialism Description: • A stronger nation controls a weaker one Early Imperialism • seventeenth century • Americas • have trading posts and agreements New Imperialism • nineteenth century • Africa and Asia • wanted direct control over territories Location Great Britain: • West Africa – Gold Coast – Nigeria • North Africa – Egypt – Sudan • South Africa Location France: • Indochina(Indonesia) – Cambodia – Laos – Annam – Tonkin – Mekong Delta (Cochinchina) Location Japan: • Korea • Port Arthur • Ryukyu Islands (Okinawa) • Taiwan Colonial Policies • ruled either – Indirectly = allowed local rulers and political elites to rule, made ruling easier and less costly – Directly = new officials from the mother country were put in charge of taxes, law and order, and other governmental matters • a response from the Early Imperialism that resulted in the American, Haitian and Latin American Revolutions Colonial Policies Great Britain: • protectorate over Gold Coast, Nigeria, Egypt and Sudan • created the independent Union of South Africa a self-governing nation within the British Empire to appease the Boers(Dutch), the policy was that only whites could vote • most decisions came from Great Britain, and local rulers rubber-stamped and enforced these decisions, maintaining their power (indirect rule) Colonial Policies France: • France extended protection over neighboring Cambodia, Laos, Annam, and Tonkin • Protectorate = indirect rule just like with Great Britain in Africa • imposed direct rule in the southern provinces in the Mekong delta(Cochinchina) Colonial Policies Japan: • the Japanese claimed direct control of the Ryukyu Islands • annexing Korea in 1910 as a protectorate using indirect control, and pushing assimilation onto the Koreans Influence of Geography Great Britain: • Berlin Conference – European Powers meet in Berlin to split Africa up to prevent a war in Europe over territory • controlled the parts of Africa that had an abundance of Natural Resources • controlled Egypt for the Suez Canal – control trade between the Mediterranean and Red Sea – “lifeline to India” Influence of Geography France: • the dense jungles of Indochina were an ideal location for plantations • wanted to stop British expansion into all of Southeast Asia and to compete with the British colony in India Influence of Geography Japan: • began to obtain control of the trade in the Pacific Ocean especially North Eastern Asia Natural Resources • exploit the natural resources and open up markets for Western manufactured goods • parent countries stressed exporting raw material • discouraged the development of manufacturing in all colonies, wanted colonies to depend on the mother country for goods Natural Resources Great Britain: • Gold, Salt, Diamonds France: • teak wood, rubber, tin, spices, tea, coffee, sugar Japan: • coal, iron, tea, silk Reaction to Imperialism • Element: Describe the reaction to foreign domination; include the Russo-Japanese War and Young Turks, and the Boxer Rebellion. • Vocabulary: Russo-Japanese War, Young Turks, Boxer Rebellion Sepoy Mutiny, 1857 Description: • Mughal rulers declined • the British East India Company • hired Indian soldiers, called sepoys, to protect the company’s interests • in 1857 some Sepoy’s revolted against the British Sepoy Mutiny, 1857 Reaction to Foreign Dominance: • revolt of colonized people against mother country • spread quickly • British Parliament transferred power of the British East India Company to the British government • in 1876 Queen Victoria became Empress of India Boxer Rebellion, 1900 Description: • Boxer = the Society of Harmonious Fists • practiced a system of exercise they thought would protect them from bullets (The Matrix) • upset over foreign influence in China • killed Christians and foreigners Boxer Rebellion, 1900 Reaction to Foreign Dominance: • Western powers and Japan attacked Beijing in 1900 • restored order and demanded more concessions from the Chinese government • China had to pay for damages • Chinese imperial government weakend Russo-Japanese War, 1904-5 Description: • Russia v. Japan • over Korea • Japan launched a surprise attack on the Russian naval base at Port Arthur, Manchuria Russo-Japanese War, 1904-5 Reaction to Foreign Dominance: • Japan wins and is established as a world power • Russia agreed to a humiliating peace in 1905 • first time an Asian country defeated a European country • Received Liaodong Peninsula, part of an island north of Japan Young Turks, 1908-9 Description: • the Ottoman Empire on the decline • over extended its control of foreign territories • Ottoman rule ended in North Africa and Greece, and lost much of its territory in Europe Young Turks, 1908-9 Reaction to Foreign Dominance: • reformers seized the government and adopted a constitution that would form a legislature • Sultan Abdulhamid II suspended the constitution and ruled by himself • Young Turks = a group of reformers • forced the restoration of the constitution in 1908 • deposed the sultan in 1909.