CENSUS OF INDIA 1951 SRIKAKULAM, VISAKHAPATNAM AND EAST GODAVARI DISTRICTS VILLAGE-WISE MOTHER.TONGUE DATA FOR BORDER TALUKS BY J. I. ARPUTHANATHAN, B.A., B.L., Superintendent oj Census Operations. Madras PRINTED BY THE SUPERINTENDENT GOVERN:MENT PRESS MADRAS 1950 VILLAGE.WISE MOTHER-TONGUE DATA FOR BORDER TALUKS IN SRIKAKULAM~ . VISAKHAPATNAM AND EAST GODAVARI DISTRICTS NOT~. The statements appended give' figures in respect of St. Thomas Mount-cum-Palla.varam Cantonment a.nd I the principal mother-tongue .languages for each censns Tambaram were put into a single Non-City Urban unit (village or to~) in the taluks of Ich~puram. Traot. Tekkali, Sompeta, Pathapatnam, Parvatlpuram, 4. Under the Tabnlll.tion Plan of 1951 Census, the Salur and Palkonda in Srikakulam district, Srunga­ enuDleration slips of a.ll census units in each district varapukota, Gudem a.nd Veeravalli inYisakhapatnam were received in the Regional Tabulation office con­ district and Nugur and Bhadrachalam in East Goda­ cerned for being sorted there for arriving at the figures vari district of the Andhra State situated on the for the prescribed district tables. The census ~t was borders of the Orissa state. either a village or a panchayat or a municipality inclusive of all hamlets or other villages comprised , 2. The figures have been gather9d by me at the in each. The slips relating to each rural census unit instance of the GdvernrrJ:ent. of India who in consulta­ were in separate bundles: In the case of census towns tion with the State Gov~nmet~t$ concerned instructed and cities the slips relating to each ward of the census me to oather the figures ifrorn ,the census enumeration town or city were kept distinct. In the Tabulation slips ofthe 1951 Census !which had been deposited for office, the slips relating to each rural unit and urban safe custody in the offices. of the Collectors .of the ward were examined and the slips relating to displaced districts concerned. persons were separated. A 10 Per cent sample was extracted from the rest of the slips. The remaining 3. The 1951 Census taNes relating to mother-tongue 90 per cent slips which were called .~ General slips" languages give only figures for the district as a whole. were kept distinct. These three categorIes of slips, viz., The figures for the district were compiled from those General, Sample and Displaced persons" were then gathered for subdivisions of districts called :' Census operated upon independently and village-wise popula­ Tracts ". These census tracts are convenient divisions tion data in respect of rural areas and ward-wise . of the district adopted fOr facilitating the work of population data in respect of the cities and towns of the sorting the 1951 Census enumeration slips and compila­ urban areas were gathered with break up for sex tion of the required statistics. In forming the census categories and the eight livelihood classes prescribed tracts the rural areas of each district were kept distinct in the Tabulation Plan. Mter obtaining the popula­ from the urban areas. The rural areas of each district tion figures for each village/ward the enumeration were 'divided into a number of units called" Rural slips relating to the units in each census tract were Tracts" and the urban areas were divided into a thrown together for sorting for tract-wise details number of units called ., Urba.n Tracts". As far as required for the several prescribed census tables. The possiblp the rural areas of each taluk were constituted identity of the bundles of sMps relating to each village, into a single rural tract. The urban tracts were formed panchayat and municipality was lost and the groups of out.of the areas declared as cities and census towns in bundles' were merged into the " Census Tract ". The each· district. Every city was treated as a separate distinction between the General slips, Sample slips tract and was called a " City Tract". Towns other than and those relating to Displaced persons were, however, cities were grouped together to form" Non-City Urban maintained throughout. At the close of the sorting Tracts". Wherever possible the towns other than operations, the census slips rela:ting to each tract as Jities in each taluk were made into a single" Non-City distributed and bundled for the last item of the sorting Urban Tract". In cases where the towns in a taluk had operations were preserved intact under each of the a total population of less than 50,000, the towns in three categories, General slips, Sample slips and slips more than one taluk were grouped together to form a relating to Displaced persons. The bundles of slips non-oity urban tract. For example, in the Chingleput relating, to the census tracts in each district were district, the towns in the taluks of Ponneri, Tiruvallur put in boxes or gunny bags, sealed and transferred and Sriperumbudur, viz., Pnlicat, Ami and Ponneri in to the Collector's office concerned for safe custody Ponneri taluk, Tiruvallur in Tiruvallur taluk, Sriperum­ there. It is from these slips that the present budur , Poonamallee and Kunrathur inSriperumbudur mother-tongue language figures for each unit (village talult were constituted into a single Non-City Urban or town) in each border taluk have been collected. Traot.; wherea.s the towns in Saidapet taluk consisting The procedure adopted by me is briefly indicated' of~vottiyur, Villivakkam, Alandur,· Pallavaram, below. ii ~ ':Before the slips relating to the tracts in the 7. The population figures obtained at the reshriting border taluks were transported back to my office from for each village or panchayat or municipality when the Collector's office where they were held in safe compJ.red with the corresponding figures obtained at cUfiltody, I or one of my Gazetted Assistants personally the 1951 Census sorting showed differences in the went to the Collector's office, satisfied himself that the case of some villages of plains taluks and in the case seals on the hoxes or gunny bags were intact, checked of a larger numbel" of villages in the Agency areas. also that the bundles kept inside each box or gunny The diff-,rences were due to the following facts:- bag were in accordance with the list of contents of the box kept inside it by the Tabulation office, At the 1951 Census many enumerators particulc1rly resealed them and had,them transported to my office. in the Agency areas were assigned more than one On their recaipt in my office, the slips relating to each village for enumeration. Some of the enumerators tract were first counted to find out if the total number omitted to mark the loc~tion code numbers of the of slips agreed with the total of the popUlation figures villages on the top of the slips. Some othel s adopted of the tract originally obtained and recorded. Care the same location code numberi for more than one was also taken to verify with reference to the code village and yet others marked incdrrect numbers. numbers of the taluks mentioned on the slips, if the In several cases the code number of the taluk also slips relating to any other tract were mixed up with was found omitted. The omission to "mark the loca­ those of the tract to. which the slips purported to tion co:le numbers was particularly noticeable in the relate. case of Agency villages of Srungavarapukota taluk of Visakhapatnam district. Some enuplerators in Regular sorting for language figures was commenced Gudem Agency of Visakhapatnam district had marked only thereafter. The operations consisted of two extraneous numbers on the slips which made it diffi­ stages. At the first stage the slips were sorted out cult t;o locate the village to which the slips related. for the units in the tract, viz., villages. panchayats and In many cases it was possible to locate the villages municipalities. This sorting was done with reference with reference to external evidence, namely, the name to the location code number of the village entered at of the village entered against question 10 (Mea.ns of the top of each slip. The number of slips representing Livelihood and place of work) or by comparison of the population figure thus obtained in respect of the handwriting and ink on the slips ha.ving no loca­ each village or panchayat or municipal town was tion code numbers with those on the slips on which compared with the population figure of the same location code numbers had been marked. However a village, panchayat or municipal town obtained at the large number of slips relating to Srungavarapukota original census sorting in order to ensure that the slips and ,Gudem Agency areas of Visakhapatnam district of each village were all available. ,The sorting for had to be left unidentified for want of any clue help. villa-ges thus made was checked cent per cent by persons ing identification. Where S11Ch identification could specially appointed as Compiler-checkers. A fair not be secured the slips have been treated as "village percentage of the work done by the sorters and numbers not noted" and shown as such in the Compiler-checkers was als~ checked by me and by statements appended. my hyo Deputy Superintendents. 8. The total of the language figures obtained at the present sorting in respect of the units in the rural 6. At the second stage of sorting the slips relating tracts when compared with those arrived at at the 1951 to each village, panchayat or municipality were sorted sorting for the same rural tracts showed some varia­ out for the principal mother-tongue languages of the tions. Such comparison 'in respect of figures relating taluk.