LANGUAGE STYLE OF HABIBURRAHMAN EL-SHIRAZY IN THE DWILOGY OF AYAT-AYAT CINTA: A STYLISTIC STUDY Aflahah (STAIN Pamekasan/ [email protected]) Abstract: Novel is an artwork which closely relates to human life and is considered as the representation of human life journey. The language style in novel is embodiment of language use by an author to express ideas, emotion, opinion, and to give a certain effect. The main problem will be discussed in this study is the language style found in the novels of AAC 1 and 2. This study is about individual language style, an author’s language style who have written best seller novels, namely Habiburrahman El-Shirazy (HES). The approach that is considered very appropriate in understanding the language use of HES in Dwilogy of Ayat-Ayat Cinta (DAAC) is stylistic study. A stylistic study reveals how is the language style used by HES and what effects that are resulted. The approach of this research is a descriptive qualitative research. Descriptive method is used to describe the linguistic facts such as the language style based on lexical choice, sentence structure, and direct or indirect meaning. The use of language style based on lexical choice (diction) in DAAC shows a typical language style of HES as well as shows his ability as a Da’i and man of letters. The analysis of language style based on sentence structure and direct/indirect meaning illustrates the descriptive style of HES. Whatever he describes, it must be very accurate. He gives very detail information of the object being spoken of either background of the story or characterization. Through language style, HES describes the emotions experienced by the characters properly so it makes the readers able to empathize. From the data had been obtained, it reveals that language style used by HES to describe characters or characterization (describe the pysical condition, characters, and characteristics), describes its background, tells the plot, and convey the message. The results showed the lexical choice of scientific words and religious words are typical of HES’s language style in his DAAC, the peculiarities of language style based on sentence structure in DAAC seen from the use of repetition (anaphora), and HES’s peculiarity in using language style according to direct or indirect meaning can be seen from the use of personification. Key Terms: Language Style, Dwilogy, Stylistic A. Introduction (Inggris: novelette) referred to a relatively long story.1 It is not too long, and also not The term novel is a truncation of the Italian word novella. This term has the 1 Burhan Nurgiyantoro, Teori Pengkajian same meaning as Indonesian term, novel Fiksi (Yogyakarta: Gajah Mada University,1998), p.10. OKARA: Jurnal Bahasa dan Sastra, Vol. 1, Tahun XI, MEI 2017 85 too short. In a broader sense, the novel is taken from the purpose of research. defined as a long enough prose story.2 Keraf argues that a figure of speech or The length which is relatively long language style is a way of expressing means novel has a complex plot, various thoughts through language so that the story arrangement, and diverse settings. language looks imaginative.4 The point is In line with the statement above, that the figure of speech is one of the Aminuddin states that novel is a fictional author‟s way to exploit the language, so prose also called work of fiction in which the language which is used as the the narratives or stories are performed material development of his works to be by actors with a certain characterization, interesting and aesthetic. The style of setting, and series of certain events language actually contained in all kinds resulted from author‟s imagination and of languages: spoken and written form, turn it into a story. 3 A novel has two or literary and non-literary form. elements namely intrinsic element and A view referred to the extrinsic element. Intrinsic elements are contemporary literary comprehends elements which develop the literary work figure of speech as one of the supporting from inside the literary work itself, such elements that complete language style. as plot, character, setting, point of view, Comparing the scope of figure of speech language style and etc. While extrinsic and language style, it can be said that elements are elements which build the the scope of the language style is literary work from outside, however they broader than scope of figure of speech. indirectly influence the structure or Using figurative language is a technique organism system of literature. Those to disclosure a language which its elements are individual subjectivity of meaning does not refer to the literal the author, involve attitudes, beliefs, and meaning of the words that support them point of view. In simple word, author but rather on the meaning which is biography element is the mark of the added. A hidden meaning, not literal literary work itself. meaning. So, it is a style that utilizes The language style is one of the utterances by using figurative language. elements that build a story. Creating a Understanding the figurative language story needs a style, but the requires a special attention, especially to understanding of style means discussing catch real meanings which the author the overall language style in a prose, wants to convey. The use of figurative language forms in a literature. Therefore, 2 Jakob Sumardjo, Masyarakat dan the deviate meaning is one of language Sastra Indonesia (Yogyakarta: Nur Cahaya,1997), p. 29. deviation. A language will taste to be 3 Aminuddin, Stilistik: Pengantar Memahami Bahasa dalam Karya Sastra 4 Gorys Keraf, Diksi dan Gaya Bahasa (Semarang: IKIP Semarang Press, 1995), p. 66. (Jakarta: Gramedia Pustaka Utama), p. 113. OKARA: Jurnal Bahasa dan Sastra, Vol. 1, Tahun XI, MEI 2017 86 more beautiful and interesting if the writers‟ feeling and to make certain language has undergone a stylistic effects. This is used as the basic in process in it. Language styling is giving the meaning of stilus as a referred to language which has been language style and as special language mixed with stylistic elements, especially use as well. a figure of speech or language style. Another opinion about definition of In another word, stylistic is a stylistics comes from Teeuw, he simply branch of applied linguistic which explained stylistics as the use of a typical provides a way to understand the theory language, special, and deviate from the and formal analysis of literary text. daily language or language that is However, in the narrow sense, applied considered as normal language or formal linguistics is associated in the field of language as characteristics of the poet, language study. The application of the literary school, and etc. 7 In a broader linguistic approach in the study of sense, stylistic is a way to explore the literature is very useful for teaching, theory and formal analysis method to the analysis, research, criticism, and literary literary texts, while in limited sense, appreciation. Sudjiman defines stylistics stylistics is a branch of applied linguistics (style) is a way used by the speaker and that is commonly associated with the field author to convey the message by using of language study. 8 Furthermore, language as media.5 Shipley (as quoted Aminuddin defines stylistics as a study of by Ratna) explains stylistics is a study the author in using sign system along about style. The word style derives from with the messages they want to convey. the Greek stilus which originally means Although the focus is only on the form of „the pointed tool used to write in the field sign systems, readers also need to 6 layered by candles. Shipley describes understand the picture of the that someone who can use that tool objects/events, opinions, ideology in a properly can be called as successful literary work.9 style practitioner (stillusexercitotus). According to some views and While someone who can not use it well opinions about stylistics, it can be are called rude or failed practitioner inferred that stylistics is a study or an (stillus rudis). The connotation of interpretation concerned with language “pointed tool” stated as a tool to use and language style in literary works. “scratched” or “touched” readers and 7 A. Teeuw, Membaca dan Menilai Sastra (Jakarta: Gramedia, 1983), p. 72. 5 Panuti Sudjiman, Bunga Rampai 8 Soediro Satoto, Stilistika (Surakarta: Stilistika (Jakarta: Pustaka Grafiti, 1993), p.13. STSI Press Surakarta, 1995), hlm. 36. 6 Nyoman Kutha Ratna. Stilistika: Kajian 9 Aminuddin, Stilistik: Pengantar Puistika Bahasa sastra dan Budaya (Yogyakarta: Memahami Bahasa dalam Karya Sastra Pustaka Pelajar, 2009), p. 13. (Semarang: IKIP Semarang Press, 1995), p. 46. OKARA: Jurnal Bahasa dan Sastra, Vol. 1, Tahun XI, MEI 2017 87 Stylistics is a branch of applied B. Theoritical Framework linguistics because applied linguistics is 1. Language Style Based on Diction closely related to the language study on Based on diction, language style literary work that attracts many linguists refers to the problem of which word is and men of letters to study about it. the most appropriate to be put in certain Sudjiman states that the scope of position in a sentence as well as either it stylistic study consists of diction, is suitable or not to use those words if sentence structure, figure of speech, they are seen from language usage in imagery, pattern, and rhyme used by the society. In another word, language style authors/writers in a literary work.10 While, based on diction here is about the Ratna states in practically, especially in accuracy and suitability of language literary work, the scope of stylistic is the usage in certain situations. description of the special language use.11 In standardized language (formal The advantages taken from study language), it can be distinguished into: of novel by using stylistics are: (1) finding formal language style, informal language and proving the special beauty of style, and colloquial language style.