Editorial Board Guest Editorial Board Editors-in-Chief Hydro Projects Zhong, Zhihua, Chinese Academy of Engineering, China Guest Editors-in-Chief Reddy, Raj, Carnegie Mellon University, USA Aims & Scope Ma, Hongqi, Huaneng Lancang River Hydropower, Inc., China Executive Editor-in-Chief Berga, Luis, The Royal Academy of Sciences and Arts of Barcelona, Spain Schleiss, Anton, Swiss Committee on Dams, Switzerland Qian, Xuhong, East China University of Science and Technology, China Engineering is an international journal dedicated to the latest advancements in engineering. The goal of this journal is to provide a high-level platform Executive Editor-in-Chief Associate Editors-in-Chief where academic achievements of great importance in engineering science and technology can be disseminated and shared. Proceeding from scientific Jia, Jinsheng, China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research, China Batterham, Robin, University of Melbourne, Australia discoveries, the research achievements disseminated by this journal should be convertible through innovation into a new productive force so as to Chen, Gang, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, USA Members Davis, Lance A. National Academy of Engineering, USA promote the development of world-class industries and engineering projects of great socio-economic significance. Suter, Ulrich W., Swiss Academy of Engineering Sciences, Switzerland Chen, Houqun, China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research, China We are interested in: Tu, Hailing, General Research Institute for Nonferrous Metals, China Christopher, George, International Association for Hydro-Environment Engineering and Research, UK (1) News & Focus—Global perspectives, news focus, and updates on central issues; Machado, Brasil P., Brazilian Committee on Dams, Brazil Members Marulanda, Alberto, International Commission on Large Dams, Colombia (2) Views & Comments—Expository and heuristic comments and reviews on major issues, articles, and events; and Barlow, Snow, University of Melbourne, Australia Rogers, Michael F., MWH Global, Inc., USA Broers, Alec, Baron Broers, the House of Lords, UK Zhang, Chaoran, China Three Gorges Corporation, China (3) Research—Outstanding research results, in the form of research articles, reviews, perspectives, short communications regarding critical issues, Chen, Saijuan, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, China Zheng, Shouren, Changjiang Water Resources Commission of the Ministry of Water Resources, Clift, Roland, University of Surrey, UK China and so on. Crittenden, John C., Georgia Institute of Technology, USA Cui, Junzhi, Academy of Mathematics and Systems Science , CAS, China Rail Transit All manuscripts must be prepared in English, and are subject to a rigorous and fair peer-review process. Accepted papers will immediately appear Davies, Bill, Lancaster University, UK online, followed by a printed hard copy. Davis, Wayne T., University of Tennessee, USA Guest Editors-in-Chief Ding, Yihui, China Meteorological Administration, China Forssberg, Eric, K. S., Lulea University of Technology, Sweden He, Huawu, China Railway Corporation, China The journal publishes original papers including but not limited to the following fields: Fu, Xiaobing, The General Hospital of Chinese People’s Liberation, China Leboeuf, Micheal, UIC Intercity & High Speed Committee, France • Aeronautical and Astronautical Science and Technology • Information and Communication Engineering Fujishima, Akira, Kanagawa Academy of Science and Technology, Japan Ganser, Arnold, Hannover Medical School, Germany Members • Agricultural Engineering • Instrument Science and Technology Grierson, Don, University of Nottingham, UK Guo, Dongming, Dalian University of Technology, China Bruni, Stefano, Polytechnic University of Milan, Italy • Architecture and Civil Engineering • Materials Science and Engineering Hall, Wendy, University of Southampton, UK Ding, Rongjun, CRRC Zhuzhou Institute Co., Ltd., China Hao, Jiming, Tsinghua University, China Gautier, Pierre-Etienne, SYSTRA, France • Bioengineering • Mechanical Engineering Hardy, Ronald W., University of Idaho, USA Liang, Wenhao, China Railway First Survey & Design Institute Group Co., Ltd., China He, Jishan, Central South University, China Mcnaughton, Andrew, High Speed Two (HS2) Limited, UK • Biomedical Engineering • Mechanics Hein, Klaus R. G., University of Stuttgart, Germany Pita, Andrés López, Polytechnic University of Catalonia, Spain Huang, Norden E., National Central University, Taiwan, China Reinschmidt, Albert, Transportation Technology Center, Inc., USA • Chemical Engineering and Technology • Metallurgical Engineering Kang, Shaozhong, China Agricultural University, China Roberts, Clive, University of Birmingham, UK Kareem, Ahsan, University of Notre Dame, USA Romo, Eduardo, Fundacion Caminos de Hierro, Spain • Communication and Transportation Engineering • Mineral Engineering Kaushik, Sadasivam, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, France Shi, Weizhong, China Academy of Railway Sciences, China Koizumi, Hideaki, Hitachi, Ltd., Japan Zarembski, Allan M., University of Delaware, USA • Computer Science and Technology • Naval Architecture and Ocean Engineering Konstantin, Solntsev, Russian Academy of Sciences, Russia • Electrical and Electronic Engineering • Nuclear Energy Science and Engineering Koren, Yoram, The University of Michigan, USA Kuo, Way, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China • Engineering Education • Oil and Natural Gas Engineering Ladisch, Michael R., Purdue University, USA Laurencin, Cato T., University of Connecticut Health Center, USA • Engineering Management • Optical Engineering Lee, Fred C., Virginia Tech., USA Leopold, Juergen, Fraunhofer Institute for Systems and Innovation, Germany Somasundaran, Ponisseril, Columbia University, USA • Environmental Science and Engineering • Power Engineering and Engineering Thermophysics Li, Norman, NL Chemical Technology, Inc., USA Steinbach, Jorg, Brandenburg University of Technology, Germany Li, Renhan, Chinese Academy of Engineering, China Stocker, Thomas, University of Bern, Switzerland • Food Science and Engineering • Surveying and Mapping Lieber, Charles M., Harvard University, USA Tan, Jianrong, Zhejiang University, China Liu, Chain-Tsuan, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China Tang, Man-Chung, T.Y.Lin International, USA • Forestry Engineering • Systems and Control Engineering Liu, Ke, Center for China and Globalization, China Townend, Ian, CoastalSEA, UK Liu, Zhihong, Nanjing General Hospital of Nanjing Military Command, China Tsukihashi, Fumitaka, University of Tokyo, Japan • Geotechnical and Geological Engineering • Textile Science and Engineering Lloyd, Philip, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, South Africa Van Loosdrecht, Mark, Delft University of Technology, the Netherlands Mai, Kangsen, Ocean University of China, China Wadsworth, Jeffrey, Battelle Memorial Institute, USA • Hydraulic Engineering • Light Industry Technology and Engineering Mang, Herbert, TU Wien, Austria Wang, An, China Coal Industrial & Mining Supplies Group Co., Ltd., China Moan, Torgeir, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Norway Wang, Jingkang, Tianjin University, China Mote, C. D., National Academy of Engineering, USA Weber, Eicke R., Fraunhofer Institute for Solar Energy Systems ISE, Germany Nilsson, Larsgunnar, Linköping University, Sweden Weng, Shilie, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, China Supervised by Subscription Information Narayanamurti, Venkatesh, Harvard Kennedy School, USA Wong, Ching-Ping, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China Ni, Weidou, Tsinghua University, China Wu, Jiangxing, The PLA Information Engineering University, China Chinese Academy of Engineering ISSN print edition: 2095-8099 Pan, Yunhe, Zhejiang University, China Wu, Manqing, China Electronics Technology Group Corporation, China Pedersen, Preben Terndrup, Technical University of Denmark, Denmark Wu, Xiang, Higher Education Press, China ISSN electronic edition: 2096-0026 Pochukaev, V. N., TSNIIMash, Russia Yang, Henry T., University of California, Santa Barbara, USA Price, William Geraint, University of Southampton, UK Yang, Shuzi, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, China Administered by Pui, David Y. H., University of Minnesota, USA Yang, Victor C., The University of Michigan, USA Qu, Jiuhui, Research Center for Eco-Envionmental Sciences, CAS, China Yuan, Shiyi, PetroChina Co., Ltd., China The CAE Centre for Strategic Studies Orders and Inquiries Raj, Baldev, Indian Institute of Science Campus, India Yue, Guangxi, Tsinghua University, China Seible, Frieder, Monash University, Australia Zhang, Jianyun, Nanjing Hydraulic Research Institute, China Higher Education Press, China Engineering Sciences Press, China Shah, Surendra P., Northwestern University, USA Zheng, Jingchen, General Hospital of Armed Police Forces, China Floor 15, Fusheng Building No.4 Huixindong Street Shen, Zuyan, Tongji University, China Zhou, Huaibei, IRVINE Culture, China Siffert, Paul M., E-MRS, France Zhu, Jesse, The University of Western Ontario, Canada Open Access Chaoyang District, Beijing 100029, China http://www.engineering.org.cn Tel: 0086-10-58582509 Publisher Editorial Manager http://www.journals.elsevier.com/engineering Fax: 0086-10-58582494 Su, Yuheng An, Qi Executive Editor Editorial Staff Contact Information Published by Wu, Xiang Wang, Zhongzi E-mail: [email protected] Engineering Sciences Press, China Huang, Yong Tel: 0086-10-59300284 Editorial Board Office Director Zhang, Nan Wu, Jiaming Ding, Ning Zhou, Haichuan.