Conserving Plant Biodiversity in a Changing World: A View from Northwestern North America Cover photography: Anemone patens var. multi da by Richard Ramsden. Graphic designer: Michael Hamel, Visual Information Specialist, USFS Papers were provided by the authors camera-ready for printing. Authors are responsible for their content and accuracy. Conserving Plant Biodiversity in a Changing World: A View from Northwestern North America EDITORS Wendy J. Gibble1, Manager of Conservation and Education, University of Washington Botanic Gardens, Julie K. Combs1, Program Director, EDRR Citizen Science Program,1 PNW Invasive Species Council, Sarah H. Reichard1, Professor, Director, University of Washington Botanic Gardens, University of Washington Botanic Gardens, Box 354115, Seattle, WA 98195. “Paintbrush and Sedge” by Louise Smith “Carex macrocephala” by Daphne Morris “Rosa nutkana” by Jan Hurd i Conserving Plant Biodiversity in a Changing World ii Conference Proceedings Contents Acknowledgements . x Conference Synthesis . xi Wendy Gibble, Julie K. Combs and Sarah H. Reichard Manuscripts Rare Vascular Plant Distributions in Alaska: Evaluating Patterns of Habitat Suitability in the Face of Climate Change . 1 Matthew L. Carlson and Helen Cortés-Burns Cultural and Ecological Relationship between the Nisqually Indian Tribe and the Plants of Mount Rainier National Park . .19 David Hooper Restoring Biodiversity in the Shrub-Steppe and Strategies to Increase Regulatory Recognition of Tribally Signifi cant Species . .29 Steven O. Link, Rico O. Cruz, Janelle L. Downs and Barbara L. Harper Extended Abstracts Competition, Seed Predation and Predicted Eff ects of Climate Change Infl uence the Survival of a Rare Plant Species in Eastern Washington: What are the Management Options? . .41 Julie K. Combs Will a Changing Climate Increase Interaction between Rare and Non-Native Plant Species in Alaska? . .43 Lindsey Flagstad, Matthew L. Carlson, Helen Cortés -Burns, Catherine Jarnevich and Tracy Holcombe Monitoring Plant Biodiversity through Citizen Science: A Tool to complement Traditional Scientifi c Inquiry . .45 Wendy Gibble and Sarah Reichard The Conservation Value of Rare Plant Reintroduction . .47 Edward O. Guerrant, Jr. Modeling Ecological Niches of Two Closely Related Utah Endemic Plants: U.S. Federally Threatened Townsendia aprica and Its Close Congener, T. jonesii var. lutea (Asteraceae) . .51 Christopher Lee, Linda Jennings and Jeannette Whitton Rarity, Reintroduction, and Dynamic Environments: Case Studies in Northwest Camassia and Silene . .53 Susan Kephart, Diana Lo in and Suzie Torre-Cross Infl uence of Invasive White Sweetclover on Plant-Pollinator Community Interactions in Interior Alaska . .55 Laura C. Schneller, Matthew L. Carlson, Christa P.H. Mulder and Katie V. Spellman Rare Plant Rescue: Conserving Rare Plant Populations through Voluntary Stewardship . .57 Sarah L.T. Vinge-Mazer and Melissa A. Ranalli Oral Presentation Abstracts Session A- Climate Change: Observed E ects on Plants and Plant Communities Testing the Limits: Eff ects of Climate and Competition on Conifer Distributions in Mount Rainier National Park . .61 Ailene K. Ettinger iii Conserving Plant Biodiversity in a Changing World Arctic and Boreal Plants Decline at the Southern Margin of their Range in Montana . .61 Peter Lesica Session B - Climate Change: Predicted E ects on Plants and Plant Communities Climate Change Impacts on Biodiversity in the San Francisco Bay Area: Models, Monitoring and the Management/Research Interface . .63 David D. Ackerly, William K. Cornwell and Lisa Micheli Spatial Heterogeneity in Ecologically Relevant Climate Variables at Coarse and Fine Scales . .63 Kevin Ford, Ailene K. Ettinger, Mark Raleigh, Jessica Lundquist and Janneke Hille Ris Lambers Forecasting the Eff ects of Climate Change on Rare Plant Populations . .64 Ian A. P ngsten and Thomas N. Kaye Modeling the Diversity of Rare and Endemic Plants at the Landscape Scale in Denali National Park: Implications of Climate Change for this Unique Natural Heritage . .65 Carl A. Roland and Dr. Jay Ver Hoef Lilies at the Limit: A Story of Range Limits, Pollen Limitation, and Conservation in a Changing World . .65 Elinore Jenkins Theobald and Janneke Hille Ris Lambers Session C – Climate Change: Adapting Management Strategies to Observed and Predicted E ects Generalized Provisional Seed Zones for Native Plants . .66 Andrew D. Bower1, Brad St. Clair and Vicky Erickson Patterns of Rarity in Alaska Lichens: How Vulnerable Are These Species to Predicted Changes in Climate? . .66 Brian Heitz and Matthew Carlson Genetic Considerations for Plant Material Policies in the Context of Climate Change: A Forest Service Perspective . .67 Matt Horning Shifting Paradigms: Results of an International Survey on Restoration and Climate Change . .67 Thomas N. Kaye Integrating Prairie Habitat Components into Trails Crossing Urban Environments to Assist Dispersal . .68 Elaine M. Stewart Session D – Disturbance Ecology and Plant Conservation Biocultural Diversity: The Relationship between Cultural Complexity and Ecological Diversity on the Northwest Coast of North America . .69 Joyce LeCompte-Mastenbrook Early Eff ects of White Pine Blister Rust (Cornartium ribicola) on White Pines in Arizona and New Mexico . .69 Christopher Edward Looney, Kristen M Waring and Mary Lou Fairweather Rare Plants Colonize Disturbed Habitat at Rocky Point, British Columbia . .70 James Miskelly Indigenous Landscape Management, Recent Government Policy, and Restoration Eff orts in Mountainous Landscapes in Washington and Sichuan . .70 Steven J. Rigdon1 Steven Harrell, Lauren S. Urgenson, R. Keala Hagmann, Thomas M. Hinckley and Amanda Henck Schmidt Managing Hydrology for Native Wetland Plants . .71 Elaine M. Stewart, Tina Farrelly and Alan Yeakley iv Conference Proceedings Ecology and Human Use of Montane Meadows: Connecting the Conservation of Cultural Landscapes in Sichuan, China to Northwestern North America . .71 Lauren S. Urgenson1, Julie K. Combs, Steven Harrell, Amanda Henck Schmidt, Thomas M. Hinckley, Ziyu Ma and Qingxia Yang There Goes the Neighborhood: Invasion Aff ects Foraging by Multiple Pollinators, Causing Floral Neighborhood-Contingent Reproductive Success in Native Plants . .72 Susan Waters and Janneke Hille Ris Lambers Using Prescribed Fire and Glyphosate to Manage the Invasion of Native Prairie by Indigenous Trees, Shrubs, and the Exotic Invasive Grass, Smooth Brome, (Bromus inermis) in Saskatchewan, Canada . .73 Robert Wright, Glen Longpre, Jim Smith and Kelvin Kelly Session E – Recovery of Rare Species and the Restoration of Their Habitat Investigating the Role of Host Plants in Recovering Golden Paintbrush . .74 Eric Delvin, Jonathan D. Bakker and Peter W. Dunwiddie A Decade of Restoring Golden Paintbrush (Castilleja levisecta) in Washington: Where Are We, and What Have We Learned? . .74 Peter W. Dunwiddie, Theodore B. Thomas and Joseph L. Arnett Risk Tolerance and Rare Plant Conservation in Pacifi c Canada . .75 Matt Fairbarns Determining the Most Effi cient and Eff ective Large-Scale Native Seeding Techniques to Restore Native Species to Degraded Prairies . .75 Sarah T. Hamman, Jonathan D. Bakker and Eric G. Delvin Ecological Drivers of Seedling Establishment and Survival of Endangered Prairie Plants . .76 Katherine D. Jones and Thomas N. Kaye Recovering Species on the Edge: Garry Oak and Associated Ecosystems of Canada . .77 Shyanne Smith, Kathryn Martell and Brian Reader Welcome Back: Reintroduction of Golden Paintbrush (Castilleja levisecta) to Oregon . .77 Theodore B. Thomas and Thomas Kaye The Status of Recovery Planning for Federally Listed Plant Species in Canada . .78 Jeannette Whitton Session F – Reintroduction in a Changing World: How Well is It Working, How Can It Be Done Better, and Under What Circumstances Is It Appropriate or Not? The Role of Reintroduction in the Recovery of Fritillaria Gentneri: Current Successes and Future Directions . .79 Kelly Amsberry and Mark Mousseaux Spatial and Temporal Variation in Plant Establishment . .80 Jonathan D. Bakker, Eric Delvin and Peter W. Dunwiddie Staged-Scale Restoration: A Systematic Approach for Improving Restoration Eff ectiveness . .80 Peter W. Dunwiddie, Jonathan D. Bakker and Eric Delvin Experimental Reintroduction of Pink Sand-verbena to Vancouver Island . .81 Matt Fairbarns Is Managed Relocation of Rare Plants Another Pathway for Biological Invasions? . .81 Sarah Reichard, Hong Liu, and Chad Husby v Conserving Plant Biodiversity in a Changing World Session G – Strategies for Implementing Conservation: Partnerships, Outreach, and Public Engagement Kincaid’s Lupine (Lupinus oreganus) on Boistfort Prairie: A Conservation Success Story . .83 Joseph L. Arnett Tanoak Refuge: Intervention for a Threatened Traditional Food Plant . .83 Frederica Bowcutt The New Native Seed Network. .84 Rob Fiegener Don’t Believe That Database! Potential Problems with the Use of Digital Herbarium Records in Plant Conservation . .85 Linda Jennings, Amber Saundry and Jeannette Whitton “From Salmonberry to Sagebrush” – Engaging the Public in Native Plant Curricula . .85 Stacy Moore, Jody Einerson and Jennie Cramer Sisyrinchium sarmentosum (Pale Blue-eyed Grass) Conservation Strategy and Agreement . .86 Andrea Ruchty Session H – Taxonomy, Ecology, and Population Dynamics of Rare and Endangered Plants Decline and Persistence of Persistentsepal Yellowcress (Rorippa columbiae) in Remnant Free-fl owing Segments of the Columbia River in Washington . .87 Joseph L. Arnett, Janelle Downs, Pamela Camp, Peter W. Dunwiddie, Heidi Newsome, Richard Easterly, Debra Salstrom, Kathryn Beck and Florence Caplow Lessons Learned About Practicable Rare Plant Monitoring. .87 Joseph L. Arnett Vascular Plant Endemism in Northwestern North America: Mapping Regional Endemics and Detecting Hotspots with a Biogeographical and Conservation Context. ..