August 1993 Vol. 5, Issue 17 FREE EXPRESSION IN TURKEY, 1993: KILLINGS, CONVICTIONS, CONFISCATIONS TABLE OF CONTENTS Introduction...................................................................................................................................................................................................................3 Legal framework..........................................................................................................................................................................................................4 Freedom of the press................................................................................................................................................................................................6 Journalists killed......................................................................................................................................................................................6 Ugur Mumcu..............................................................................................................................................................................6 Kemal Kilic.................................................................................................................................................................................6 Ihsan Karakus...........................................................................................................................................................................7 Ferhat Tepe.................................................................................................................................................................................7 Newspaper vendors and distributors killed............................................................................................................................8 Orhan Karaagar.......................................................................................................................................................................8 Hasim Yasa................................................................................................................................................................................8 Vendors attacked.....................................................................................................................................................................................8 Harassment of left-wing newspapers.........................................................................................................................................9 Ozgur Gundem..........................................................................................................................................................................9 Azadi ............................................................................................................................................................................................12 Aydinlik......................................................................................................................................................................................13 Journalists sentenced ........................................................................................................................................................................14 Arrests, raids, beatings.......................................................................................................................................................................15 Arrests of foreign journalists..........................................................................................................................................................16 Freedom of speech .................................................................................................................................................................................................. 17 Making separatist propaganda..................................................................................................................................................... 17 Insulting Ataturk/Turkish nation/Islam...................................................................................................................................19 Restrictions on political speech.................................................................................................................................................20 Posters/leaflets/flags ........................................................................................................................................................................21 Speeches at the Human Rights Association.........................................................................................................................22 Restrictions on the Kurdish language .....................................................................................................................................23 Restrictions on freedom of assembly......................................................................................................................................23 Freedom to publish.................................................................................................................................................................................................24 Making separatist propaganda....................................................................................................................................................25 Edip Polat.................................................................................................................................................................................25 Unsal Ozturk ...........................................................................................................................................................................26 Ismail Besikci.......................................................................................................................................................................26 Other sentences and confiscations.........................................................................................................................27 Publications with religious content..........................................................................................................................................28 Ilhan Arsel...............................................................................................................................................................................28 Aziz Nesin.................................................................................................................................................................................29 Publications with sexually explicit content .........................................................................................................................29 Raids on book fairs and publishing houses..........................................................................................................................29 Television and radio...............................................................................................................................................................................................30 Legal background.................................................................................................................................................................................30 Private television and radio stations.........................................................................................................................................31 Restrictions on freedom of speech on the air.....................................................................................................................33 Freedom of the arts.................................................................................................................................................................................................34 Legal background.................................................................................................................................................................................34 Recent restrictions..............................................................................................................................................................................34 Raids on cultural centers.................................................................................................................................................................35 Music ............................................................................................................................................................................................................36 Film..................................................................................................................................................................................................................37 Theater.........................................................................................................................................................................................................38 Recommendations .................................................................................................................................................................................................38