l'llO'l'OL!l\!'111 :1) l"lt()\\ A CLT );1J.\'J ·: 1-"llO-'l l'll!: hl.\D!Elll! 1(,l: <" J.\Y - ! l l.L ::-Ill•:. To ill nstrate a papcl' reacl before the Yictori:t Jnstitulc by Prof. 'I'. :\[CJ, . ITi:crrns, F.R.S. JOURNAL OF THE TRANSACTIONS OF iht f ittoria Jnstituf~, OR Jgilosopgital ;Sodtttr of ®naf Jrifain. EDITED BY THE HONORARY SECRETARY, CA.PT.A IN FRANCIS W. H. PETRIE, F.G.S., &c. VOL. XXIII. LONDON: (iulllisbeb Ill! tbe Institute). INDIA: W. TRACKER & Co.- UNITED STATES: G. T. PUTN.A,M'S SONS, N.Y. A.USTRALik AND NEW ZEALAND: G. ROBERTSON & Co., L1x.­ CA.NA.DA: DAWSON BROS., Montreal. S. A.FRICA: JUTA. & Co,, Oa:pe Town. PARIS: GALIGNANI. 1890. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. LONDON: :PRINTBD BY THtl HA.NIU.RD PtrBLISHDfG UlfIOlf, LtMIT:ID GRBA.T Qtr:IBN STllBllT_, W."C. CONTENTS. Page PREFACE ... ix. CoLLOTYPE ILLUSTRATION TO PROFESSOR HUGHES' p APER •.• Frontispiece ANNUAL MEETING-THE REPORT 1 SPEECHES BY Sm J. R1sDON BENNETT, F.R.S., MR. H. W. BRISTOW, . F .R.S., SENIOR DIRECTOR OF THE GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF GREAT BRITAIN 9 *ANNUAL ADDRESS BY Sm M. MONIER-WILLIAMS, K.C.I.E., ON MYSTICAL BUDDHISM IN CONNEXION WITH THE YOGA PHILOSOPHY OF THE HINDUS 12 ~PEECHES BY THE BISHOP ol!' DUNEDIN, Sm H. BARKLY, K.C.B., G.C.M.G., F.R.S., AND OTHERS • ., 30 *ON A FEW OF .THE CHIEF CONTRASTS BETWEEN TH)!l ESSENTIAL DOCTRINES OF BUDDHISM AND OF CHRISTIANITY, BY Sm M. MONIER-WILLIAMS, K.C.I.E. 37 ORDINARY MEETING, MARCH 19 46 *CORAL ISLANDS AND SAVAGE MYTHS, :J!Y DR. H. B. GUPPY ••• 46 DJSCUESION: SPEECHES BY CAJ'TAIN w. J. L. WHARTON, R.N., F.R.S., HYDROGRAPHER TO THE ADMIRALTY; MR. JOHN MURRAY (OF THE "CHALLENGER" EXPEDITION); MR. w. H. - HuDLESTON, F.R.S., AND OTHERS ••• 62 COMMUNICATIONS. FROM PROFESEOR. JAjllES GEIKIE, F.R.S., A:!JP OTHERS 66 *MR. Guppy's PRELIMINARY NoTE o;N T.lIE KEELING ATOLL, OR .Cocos IsLANDS 72 ORDINARY MEETING 79 ORDINARY MEETINO 80 *ON COLOURS IN NATUltE.• BY THE REV. F. A. WALKER, D.D., F.L.S. 81 VI CONTENTS OP VOL. XXIII. Page DISCUSSION 106 ORDINARY MEETING 109 *ON THE SCIENCES OF LANGUAGE AND OF ETHNOGRAl"HY, WITH GENERAL REFERENCE TO THE CusTl>MS OF THE PEOPLE OF HUNZA. BY G. w. LEITNER, PH.D., LL.D., D.O.L. 109 ORDINARY MEETING 123 '1'ON MODERN SCIENCE .AND NATURAL RELIGION. BY REV. c. GonFREY AsHWIN, M.A. 123 DISCUSSION 133 NOTE BY THE EDITOR ... 135 INTERMEDIATE MEETING 136 ORDINARY MEETING 137 *ON THE HISTORICAL RESULTS OF THE ExcAYATIONS AT BUBASTIS, &c. BY M. EDOUARD NAVILLE... 137 DISCUSSION 163 ORDINARY MEETING 168 ORDINARY MEETING 169 *NOTES ON THE ETHNOLOGY AND ANCIENT CHR,ONOLOGY OF CHINA, BY SURGEON-GENERAL c. A. GORDON, M.D., C.B. 169 D1scuss10N 197 REMARKll BY PROFESSOR J. LEGGE, OX-FORD, PROFESSOR S. BEA~ D.C.L,, AND OTHERS 203 THE AUTHOR'S REPLY 208 ORDINARY MEETING 209 *ON CUTS ON BONE AS EVIDENCE OF MAN'S EXISTENCE IN REMOTE Ao.ES, BY PROFEIISOR T. M'K. HuGHEs, M.A., F.RS., Woon- WARDIAN PROFESSOR OF GEOLOGY AT CAMBRIDGE 209 DISCUSSION 213 REMARKS BY ADMIRAL SELWYN, R.N., PROFESSOR T. RUPERT JONES, F.R.S., MR. A. SMITH WOODWARD, F,G.S., AND OTHERS ••• 213 ORDINARY MEETING 225 •ON THE BUTTERFLIES AND MOTHS OF AFRICA,' BY w. F. KIRBY, EsQ., F.E.S., ZooLoGICAL DEPARTMENT OF THE BRITISH MUSEUM 225 DISCUSSION 232 ORDINA&Y MEETING 237 CONTENTS OF VOL. XXIII. Vil Page *ON THE FACTORS OF EVOLUTION IN LANGUAGE. BY MR. JOSEPH JOHN MURPHY 237 REMARKS THEREON BY PROFESSOR MAX MULLER 246 THE AUTHOR'S REPLY 247 ORDINARY MEETING 249 *THE MEANING AND HL',TORY oF THE LoGos ov PHILOSOPHY, BY THE REV; H. J. CLARKE ••• 249 DISCUSSION 267 ORDINARY MEETING 277 *THE DAWN OF METALLURGY. BY THE REV•• J. MAGENS MELLO, M.A., F.G.S. (Illustrated.) 277 DISCUSSION 294 REMARKS BY MR. J. ALLEN BROWN, F.G.S., F.R.G.S., MR. E. CHARLESWORTH, F.G.S., AND OTHERS 294 NOTES BY PROFESSOR SAYCE AND MAJOR CONDER, D.C.L., R.E. 303 LIST OF MEMBERS, &c. 307 RULES i. • OBJECTS A!i!D_ CONTENTS OF ALL THE VOLUMES OF THE JouR~A4 ERRATA. Page 199, line 7 from end, for Cyrus 1·ead Sirius, ,, 246, line 18 from end, read elements. ,, 284, line 6 from end, for Mr. read Professor, ,, 291, line 3, read Mr. A. W. Franks, C.B. ,, 29(3, line 7 fr~ end, for specalised read specialised. •** The Ins,titute's object being to investigate, it must not be held to endorse the various views expressed at its Meetings, PREFACE. - HE Twenty-Third Volume of the Journal of tlie Transac­ T tions of the VICTORIA INSTITUTE is now issued. It contains papers by the following authors :-The Rev. C. G. AsHWIN, M.A., on" Modern Science aud Natural Religion." The Rev. H. J. CLARKE, on "The Logos of Philosophy." Surgeon-General C. A. GORDON, M.D., C.B., some "Notes on the Ethnology and Ancient Chronology of China," to which the Rev. JAMES LEGGE, Professor of Chinese at Oxford University, and DR. S. BEAL, Professor of Chinese· at University College, have added valuable remarks. Dr. H. B. GUPPY, on" Coral Islands and Savage Myths," to the discus­ sion on which P,rofessor JAMES GEIKIE, F.R.S.; Mr. W. H. HUDLESTON, F.R.S.; Mr. JORN MURRAY (of the Challenger Expedition); Captain W. J. L. WHARTON, R.N., F.R.S., the Hydrographer to the Admiralty; and others, have con­ tributed. To this paper the Institute has been permitted to append Dr. GUPPY'S "Preliminary Note" on the "Keeling .A.toll," giving the results of the further investigations carried on during the expedition from which he has just returned. Dr. Guppy's investigations, in which he has had the advan­ tage of more perfect instruments than were used in Darwin's explorations, have suggested a reconsideration of some of . that great naturalist's views on the questions involved. Mr. T. Mc'KENNY HUGHES, F.R.S., Woodwardian Professor of Geology at Cambridge University, in a paper "On Cuts on Booe as Evidence of Man's Existence in Remote Ages,'' well shows the great need-for c~ution when attributing .marks found X PREFACE. on bone, &c., to primitive man; his paper is illustrated by a carefully executed collotype of the photograph of a bone which was found by Professor Hughes in such a position as to render it impossible that the remarkably artificial looking marks upon it could be attributable to human agency : The discussion on this paper was taken part in by Professor T. RUPERT JONES, · F.R.S.; Mr. A. SMITH WooDWARD, F.G.S.; Mr. PARK HARRISON; the Rev. J.M. MELLO, M.A., F.G.S.; and others. Mr. W. F. KIRBY, F.E.S., of the Zoological Department of the British Museum, gives a paper "On the Butterflies and Moths of Africa," showing that the strictly Northern Fauna of Europe hardly touch Africa at all. Dr. G. W. LEITNER, a paper "On the Sciences_ of Language and of Ethnography, with general reference to the Customs of the People of Hunza." The Rev. J. MAGENS MELLO, M.A., F.G.S., a paper "On the Dawn of Metallurgy," to the discussion on which Mr. J. ALLEN BROWN, F.G.S., and others, have contributed. Sir M. MoNIER­ WILLIAMS, K.C.I.E., an Address "On Mystical Buddhism in connexion with the Yoga Philosophy of the Hindus," to which is added the remarks of the iBISHOP OF DUNEDIN; Sir H. BARKLY, K.C.B., G.C.M.G., F:R.S., ; Sir J. RrnnoN BENNETT, F.R.S.; Mr. H. W. BRISTOW, F.R.S.; and others. This Address is followed by one by the same author " On a few of the Contrasts between the Essential Doctrines of Buddhism and of Christianity/' Mr. JOSEPH JOHN MURPHY contributes a paper "On the Factors of Evolution in Lan­ guage," to which PROFESSOR MAx MuLLER has added some remarks, That distinguished Egyptologist Monsieur E. NAVILLE gives an account of "'l'he Historical Results of the Excavations at Bubastis," &c., the discovery of which was due to M. Naville's implicit reliance on the guidance of the Bible record. The Rev. F. A. WALKER, D.D., F.L.S'., a pape:r "On Colours in Nature." To all who have added to the value of the present volume, the best thanks of the Members and Associates are due. PREFACE. xi The advance of the Institute both in the importance of its work and in the strength of its numbers continues. In conclusion, it is gratifying to be able to record that the Porte, after an interval 0£ nine years, has at last granted the Firmans necessary to enable Eastern Exploration to be resumed. FRANCIS W, H. PETRIE; Capt., Hon, Sec. and Editor. JOURNAL OF THE TRANSACTIONS 01!' THE VICTORIA INSTITU'fE, OR PHILOSOPHICAL SOCIETY OF GREAT BRITAIN. ANNUAL GENERAL MEETING HELD AT THE HOUSE OF THE SOOIETY OF ARTS. MONDAY, 4TH JUNE1 1888, The Preaident, Sir GEORGE GABRIEL SToltES1 BAtt'l'.1 M.P., D.C.L., P.R.S. IN THE CnArn., CAPTAIN FRANCIS PETRIE, Hon. Sec., read the following Report :­ Progress of the Institute. L IN presenting the TWENTY-SECOND ANNUAL REPORT, the Council is glad· to be able to state that the progress of the Institute continues, and that increasing interest in its objects is evinced both at home and abroad.