Conserving the nearly extinct navara red rice organically Guiding force: Mr. Narayanan Unny says sourcing pure seeds was difficult. —Photo: M.J. Prabu The Navara Eco farm is nestled on the banks of the quietly flowing Shokanashini river in Chittur, Palghat district, Kerala. The unique aspect of the farm is that it has the largest navara rice growing field (12 acres) in the State. “Navara is a medicinal rice variety and its cultivation is almost extinct. Many reasons such as non-availability of pure seeds, low yield and high production cost are attributed for this. The speciality is that this is the only organically grown navara rice farm in the region,” says Mr. P. Narayanan Unni, a third generation marketing executive-turned-farmer, running the everyday activities of the farm. Unlike other rice varieties, which are white in colour, navara is deep red and has been cultivated in the Palghat region for more than 2,000 years but in the last 40- 50 years it has come close to being completely wiped out due to several new hybrid varieties being introduced. Focus After taking over the farm’s management about 15 years ago, Mr. Unni decided to turn his attention to conserving native rice varieties in the region. He figured out that many of the traditional varieties are fast becoming extinct. “I desired to work on conserving this specific rice because, apart from being a traditional variety, it is well known among the local farmers. After years of strenuous effort I was able to collect and segregate enough seeds and gradually moved into cultivating solely navara rice in my 12 acre farm,” he says. Concept During this time, he turned to organic farming in a serious manner and gradually evolved the concept of Navara Eco Farm. “The journey was not easy,” says Mr. Unni and adds “conserving the variety proved an almost impossible task because sourcing pure seeds seemed uphill. In some places the variety was already contaminated by other hybrid varieties. In addition the low yield (200 kgs from an acre) made the cultivation commercially unviable. Added to this were problems faced during conversion to organic farming. According to him, conversion to organic farming in navara rice was not very remunerative but his interest pulled him on. Pest control proved a major challenge. “Tulsi and marigold were planted on the field bunds to repel the winged menace. Once pests damaged our four acres. For the next cropping season we trained our workers to catch the pests using nylon nets.” Being a traditional variety it was grown organically but because of its poor yield and difficulties in controlling pests and diseases conventional method of farming was adopted by some interested farmers to conserve it. Many moved away to growing other hybrid rice varieties. The crop is sown for seeds directly in the main field during April and harvested in June. Once the seeds are collected and cleaned it is again sown in December and harvested in February (60 days crop) Selling price Approximately from an acre 200 -250 kgs are harvested. The variety is presently being sold for Rs. 400 a kg through personal contacts. But why organic? Can we not grow this crop using fertilizers? “Since it is a medicinal rice variety for consumption we decided to adopt only organic methods. We did not want the chemical residues in the harvested grains,” explains Mr. Unni. Over the years the farm has been able to educate the labourers on effective farming methods specifically tailored for this type of rice farming. Today the workers guide other growers on the best practices being followed at the farm, according to Mr. Unni. Several awards The several awards and recognitions conferred by State, central governments and other leading agriculture institutions seem to prove the importance of his work. Recently the Protection of Plant Varieties and Farmers’ Rights Authority conferred the second annual Plant Genome Saviour community recognition award on him. “The farm has also formed rice clusters for navara and got it registered under Geographical Indication through farmer led initiatives. The entire farm is certified organic from 2006,” says Mr. Unni. Many scientists, students, authorities of various government departments and agencies are visiting the farm to learn about this variety and its cultivation details. For details interested readers can contact Mr. Narayana Unni at Navara Eco Farm, Karukamani Kalam, Chittur College P.O., Palakkad Dist, Kerala, India, Pin: 678 104, Phone: 04923- 221177 and 222277, email: [email protected], Mobile:09447277749. Caring for mulberry nurseries: some tips Mulberry is propagated mainly through saplings obtained from disease-free nurseries. When mulberry cuttings are planted in nurseries, several soil borne pathogens cause various diseases. Stem-canker, cutting-rot, collar-rot and die-back are the major nursery diseases, which cause more than 30 per cent mortality of cuttings and saplings in nursery. Ploughing For destroying the various soil borne pathogens during summer months, the land selected for nursery preparation should be deeply ploughed and solarised by covering the plots with transparent polythene sheets for about a month. If soil is infested with nematode/ root rot pathogens soil fumigation should be done with Durofume (Ethylene dibromide + methyl bromide, 1:1) at rate of 9 ml/m{+2}. Application of Organophosphate and Carbamate nematicides like Furadan 3G (Carbofuran) at the rate of 4.0 kg or Rugby 10G (Sebufos) at the rate of 3.0 kg/acre of nursery bed is recommended. The farm implements used in nursery preparation should be dipped in Kerosene or 5 per cent formaldehyde solution before next use. For avoiding occurrence of soil borne diseases, a bioformulation nursery guard should be applied. One kg of nursery guard is mixed thoroughly with 60 kg of well-decomposed farmyard manure (sufficient for 2,000 stem cuttings) and added to 10-12 litres of water to maintain the 15-20 per cent moisture. The mixture is stored under the shade for one week by covering with gunny cloth to enhance the multiplication of trichoderma colony. It is then broadcasted in nursery beds at the rate of 2 kg/m{+2}and incorporated into the soil by light digging before planting the cuttings. Planting material from healthy plots only should be used. Weed removal Stem-cuttings should be soaked in 0.2 per cent Dithane M-45 for half an hour before plantation in nursery beds. Weeds around the nursery beds should be periodically removed and properly disposed of. (Dr. N. B. Chowdary, Scientist, Research Extension Centre sub unit, Central Silk Board, Giddalur – 523357, Prakasam District, Andhra Pradesh and Dr. Ch. Satyanarayana Raju, Scientist, Regional Sericultural Research Station, Central Silk Board, Anantapuramu, Andhra Pradesh, email: [email protected], Mobile: 08520882624.) Scheme to promote poultry farming An environment-friendly and spacious broiler shed that houses more than 2,000 chickens in a 2,500 sqft area welcome the visitors in Reddiappatty village near Rajapalayam in Virudhunagar district. N. Navaneethakrishnan, the poultry farm owner who is a beneficiary in the district, said he received an equal subsidy of Rs 2.06 lakh each from the State and the Central government. While the State government fund is meant for constructing the shed, the Central fund is from Poultry Venture Capital Fund. The remaining amount he has borrowed from a bank, Mr Navaneethakrishnan said. Animal Husbandry department authorities said the ‘Poultry Development Scheme’ has been launched in non-poultry areas in the State – Tirunelveli, Tuticorin, Virudhunagar, Ariyalur, Perambalur, Cuddalore and Villupuram districts as there is a good scope for broiler farming in these areas. More than 5,000 plus chicks have been given to the farmer by poultry companies. The chicks have to be grown to a weight of two kilograms within 42 days. The company also provides feed and medicine. Mr Navaneethakrishnan said the main problem they faced was the heat due to which the mortality will increase. However, he was able to curtail the mortality to three per cent and the permissible mortality rate fixed by the animal husbandry department is five per cent. In order to overcome the heat, the farmers provide glucose to the chicks and spray water inside the shed to bring down the mortality rate. The poultry sheds are eco-friendly ones. The droppings on the floor of the sheds are useful manure for the agricultural farmers. Mr Navaneethakrishnan already raised one batch of chicken which was taken back by the poultry company. He was able to get more than Rs 50,000 as revenue from the first batch. The farmer will get five batches of over 5,000 chickens in each batch in a year. Mr Navaneethakrishnan said the government should intervene as electricity board officials were charging industrial tariff for his poultry farm. Farmers happy Sowing in progress in many parts of Erode district Rainfall in several parts of the district in the last few days has brought cheer to the farming community, particularly in the southern part of the district where sowing is in progress. The rain from the Northeast monsoon are vital for sustaining paddy cultivation for the next two to three months. Though farmers started cultivating paddy after the release of water from the Bhavani Sagar Dam on August 24, the water was inadequate for sowing in Modakurichi area and other southern parts of the district, according to S. Nallasamy, secretary, Federation of Tamil Nadu Agriculturists’ Association. According to him, the rain would help these areas to some extent. The dam had received maximum water from the Southwest monsoon and now, the outflow was much more than inflow. Since the water level in the dam has come down to 12 tmc, of which 1 tmc constitutes dead storage, turn system must be put in place for sustaining cultivation for the next few months.