Copper Development Association Resistance to Wear of Aluminium Bronzes CDA Pub 126, 2000 Chapter 10 of ‘Cast and Wrought Aluminium Bronzes Properties, Processes and Structure’ by H J Meigh C Eng MIMechE Copper Development Association 5 Grovelands Business Centre, Boundary Way Hemel Hempstead HP2 7TE Tel: 01442 275705, Fax: 01442 275716 Email: [email protected] Web: www.copperalliance.org.uk Resistance to Wear of Aluminium Bronzes Chapter 10 of ‘Cast and Wrought Aluminium Bronzes Properties, Processes and Structure’ By H J Meigh C Eng MIMechE CDA Publication 126, 2000 Acknowledgements The author wishes to express his thanks to Dr I M Hutchings, Reader in Tribology, Department of Materials Science and Metallurgy, Cambridge University, for reading through the draft of this article and for the valuable comments that he made. Copper Development Association Copper Development Association is a non-trading organisation sponsored by the copper producers and fabricators to encour age the use of copper and copper alloys and to promote their correct and efficient application. Its services, which include the provision of technical advice and information, are available to those interested in the utilisation of copper in all its aspect s. The Association also provides a link between research and user industries and maintains close contact with other copper development associations throughout the world. Website: www.copperalliance.org.uk Email: [email protected] Copyright: All information in this document is the copyright of Copper Development Association Disclaimer: Whilst this document has been prepared with care, Copper Development Association can gi ve no warranty regarding the contents and shall not be liable for any direct, indirect or consequential loss arising out of its use Contents Aluminium bronze as a wear resisting material .......................................................................................................... 2 Wear ............................................................................................................................................................................ 2 Mechanism of wear ....................................................................................................................................................... 3 Adhesive wear ................................................................................................................................................................. 4 Delamination wear .......................................................................................................................................................... 4 Abrasive wear ................................................................................................................................................................. 4 Factors affecting wear .................................................................................................................................................. 5 Operating conditions ....................................................................................................................................................... 5 Loading ...................................................................................................................................................................... 5 Velocity ...................................................................................................................................................................... 5 Fatigue ....................................................................................................................................................................... 5 Lubrication ................................................................................................................................................................. 5 Surface finish ............................................................................................................................................................. 6 Material structure and properties .................................................................................................................................... 6 Microstructure and space lattice structure .................................................................................................................. 6 Oxide film .................................................................................................................................................................. 7 Tribological compatibility and adhesion .................................................................................................................... 7 Coefficient of friction ................................................................................................................................................. 8 Tensile properties ....................................................................................................................................................... 8 Elastic property .......................................................................................................................................................... 8 Hardness ..................................................................................................................................................................... 8 Metal defects .............................................................................................................................................................. 9 Thermal conductivity ................................................................................................................................................. 9 Environmental conditions ............................................................................................................................................... 9 Inter-face temperature ................................................................................................................................................ 9 Corrosion ................................................................................................................................................................... 9 Foreign particles ....................................................................................................................................................... 10 Wear performance of aluminium bronzes ................................................................................................................. 10 Properties of copper alloys used in wear applications .................................................................................................. 10 Comparison of wear performance of copper alloys ....................................................................................................... 10 Adhesion comparison of aluminium bronze with copper and its alloys ........................................................................ 12 Wear performance of aluminium bronze mated with other alloys ................................................................................. 14 Comparison of compositions and properties ............................................................................................................ 14 Self-mated ..................................................................................................................................................................... 15 Sliding pairs ............................................................................................................................................................. 16 Abrasion or galling resistance .................................................................................................................................. 16 Fretting comparison of aluminium bronze with other alloys......................................................................................... 18 Galling resistance of aluminium bronze with high-aluminium content ......................................................................... 19 Summary of comparative wear performance of aluminium bronzes ............................................................................. 21 Aluminium bronze coatings ........................................................................................................................................ 22 Aluminium bronze sprayed coatings ............................................................................................................................. 22 Ion-plated aluminium bronze coatings on steel ............................................................................................................. 22 Coating composition ................................................................................................................................................ 23 Hardness ................................................................................................................................................................... 23 Strip drawing test ..................................................................................................................................................... 23 Pin-on-disc test ........................................................................................................................................................ 23 Advantage of aluminium bronze coated steel ..............................................................................................................