Cruise Report for the 2018 US GO-SHIP Reoccupation of I07N Section (Last edited 12 July 2018) ​ ​ Leg 1 NOAA Ship Ronald H Brown 23 April 2018 – 15 May 2018 Durban, South Africa – Victoria, Seychelles Chief Scientist: Dr. Denis L. Volkov National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, AOML Cooperative Institute for Marine and Atmospheric Studies, University of Miami Co-Chief Scientist: Dr. Viviane Menezes Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution Leg 2 NOAA Ship Ronald H Brown 19 May 2018 – 6 June 2018 Victoria, Seychelles – Goa, India Chief Scientist: Dr. Denis L. Volkov National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, AOML Cooperative Institute for Marine and Atmospheric Studies, University of Miami Co-Chief Scientist: Dr. Viviane Menezes Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution CTD Data Submitted by: Kristene E. McTaggart Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory (PMEL) National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) Seattle, WA Preliminary Bottle Data Submitted by: Denis L. Volkov National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, AOML Cooperative Institute for Marine and Atmospheric Studies, 1 University of Miami Table of Contents Cruise Summary Information 4 1. INTRODUCTION 6 2. PARTICIPANTS 7 2.1. PARTICIPATING INSTITUTIONS 7 2.2. PROGRAMS AND PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATORS 7 2.3. SCIENTIFIC PERSONNEL (LEGS 1 AND 2) 8 3. PROGRAM AND PROJECT OVERVIEW 9 4. THE I07N SECTION 9 5. CRUISE NARRATIVE 11 5.1. START OF THE CRUISE 11 5.2. FOREIGN CLEARANCES 11 5.3. ISSUES WITH THE AFT WINCH 12 5.4. ATTEMPT TO FIND A PMEL MOORING 12 5.5. CTD WIRE SITUATION 13 5.6. SCIENTIFIC STAFFING 13 6. UNDERWAY DATA ACQUISITION 13 6.1. ACOUSTIC DOPPLER CURRENT PROFILER MEASUREMENTS 14 6.2. UNDERWAY PCO2 ANALYSES 14 ​ ​ 7. CONDUCTIVITY, TEMPERATURE, DEPTH (CTD) STATIONS 15 7.1. CTD DATA ACQUISITION 15 7.2. CTD DATA PROCESSING 16 7.3. PRESSURE CALIBRATION 17 7.4. TEMPERATURE CALIBRATION 18 7.5. CONDUCTIVITY CALIBRATION 18 7.6. OXYGEN CALIBRATION 18 7.7. DISCRETE NISKIN SAMPLING 19 7.8. BOTTLE DATA PROCESSING 20 7.9. COLLECTED SAMPLES 20 8. SHIP-BOARD ANALYSIS SECTION 21 8.1. TEMPERATURE 21 8.2. SALINITY 21 8.3. DISSOLVED OXYGEN 21 8.4. TOTAL CO 22 ​2 8.5. TOTAL ALKALINITY / PH 22 8.6. NUTRIENTS 23 8.7. CHLOROFLUOROCARBONS (CFCS) / SF 24 ​6 2 9. INDIVIDUAL SUB-PROJECT REPORTS 24 9.1. DEPLOYMENTS 25 9.1.1.Argo floats 25 9.1.2.Surface Velocity Program (SVP) drifters 25 9.1.3.Wave buoys 26 9.2. LOWERED ACOUSTIC DOPPLER CURRENT PROFILER (ADCP) 27 9.4. DISSOLVED OXYGEN (DISCRETE) 32 9.5. DISSOLVED INORGANIC CARBON (DIC) 34 9.6. DISCRETE PH ANALYSES 36 9.7. TOTAL ALKALINITY 37 9.8. NUTRIENTS 39 9.9. CHLOROFLUOROCARBONS (CFCS) AND SULFUR HEXAFLUORIDE (SF6) 40 9.10. DOC AND TDN SAMPLING 42 9.11. GENETICS AND PARTICULATE ORGANIC MATTER 43 14 9.12. DISSOLVED INORGANIC CARBON ISOTOPES IN SEAWATER (DI C​ ) 44 ​ 14 14 9.13. DISSOLVED ORGANIC MATTER C​ , BLACK CARBON C​ 45 ​ ​ 9.14. DOM BIOMARKERS AND MOLECULAR COMPOSITION 46 9.15. DISSOLVED CALCIUM 48 9.16. DENSITY (JAMSTEC) 49 9.18. TRANSMISSOMETER MEASUREMENTS 50 9.19. BIOLOGICAL UNDERWAY MEASUREMENTS 51 9.21. BIOLOGICAL FILTRATION MEASUREMENTS 54 9.22. NET TOWS 54 9.23. ISOTOPIC COMPOSITION OF NITRATE 56 10. APPENDIX 57 10.1. STATION PLAN 57 10.2. SAMPLING NOTES 60 10.3. WEEKLY REPORTS 68 10.3.1. Week 0 68 10.3.2. Week 1 (Apr. 23-29) 69 10.3.3. Week 2 (Apr 30 - May 6) 70 10.3.4. Week 3 (May 7 - May 13) 71 10.3.5. Week 4 (May 14 - May 20) 74 10.3.6. Week 5 (May 21 - May 27) 75 10.3.7. Week 6+ (May 28 – June 5) 77 3 CRUISE REPORT: I07N (Created: July 5, 2018. Updated: ) ​ ​ Cruise Summary Information Section Designation I07N Expedition Designation (ExpoCode) 33RO20180423 Chief Scientist Denis L. Volkov / AOML / CIMAS-UM Dates 23 April 2018 – 6 June 2018 ​ ​ Ship NOAA Ship Ronald H. Brown 4 Durban, South Africa – Victoria, Seychelles – Ports of Call Mormugao, India 18°N Geographic Boundaries 31°E 73.8°E 30°S Stations 128 (including 2 test stations) Floats and Drifters Deployed 15 Argo floats and 10 SVP drifters Moorings Deployed and Recovered 0 Contact Information NOAA-AOML Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory 4301 Rickenbacker Causeway Miami, FL 33149 Tel.: 305-361-4344 E-mail: [email protected] ​ Links to Selected Topics Shaded sections are not relevant to this cruise or were not available when this report was compiled. Cruise Summary Information Hydrographic Measurements Description of Scientific Program CTD Data: Geographic Boundaries Acquisition Cruise Track (Figure): PI CCHDO Processing Description of Stations Calibration Description of Parameters Sampled Temperature Pressure Bottle Depth Distribution (figure) Conductivity Oxygen Deployments Bottle Data Moorings Deployed or Recovered Salinity Oxygen Programs and Principal Investigators Nutrients Scientific Personnel Total CO ​2 CFCs and SF ​6 Problems and Goals Not Achieved Total Alkalinity pH Underway Data Information Lowered Acoustic Doppler Current Profiler Navigation Bathymetry Acoustic Doppler Current Profiler Thermosalinograph XBT and/or XCTD pCO Acknowledgements ​2 Atmospheric Chemistry Data Meteorological Observations Appendix 5 1. Introduction Hydrographic measurements were carried out along the I07N section in the western Indian Ocean (Figure 1.1) in April-June 2018 under the auspices of the Global Ocean Ship-Based Hydrographic Investigation Program (GO-SHIP). The unique aspect of the 2018 I07N research cruise is that it was the first reoccupation of the I07N section since 1995. The section was not revisited for about 23 years because of the rise of piracy in the region. This cruise report details the cruise objectives, all science operations carried out during the cruise, as well as problems that were encountered. Fig. 1. I07N cruise track in Apr-Jun 2018 6 2. Participants 2.1. Participating Institutions Primary: United States Department of Commerce National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory (AOML) 4301 Rickenbacker Causeway, Miami, FL 33149, USA Tel.: 305-361-4420 Fax: 305-361-4449 Additional (alphabetical) CCU Coastal Carolina University CIMAS Cooperative Institute for Marine and Atmospheric Studies, University of Miami JAMSTEC Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology JISAO Joint Institute for the Study of Atmosphere and Ocean, Univ. of Washington LDEO Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory PMEL NOAA Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory PU Princeton University RSMAS Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Sciences, University of Miami SCCWRP Southern California Coastal Water Research Project SIO Scripps Institution of Oceanography TAMU Texas A&M University UCI University of California Irvine UH University of Hawaii UMar University of Maryland UW University of Washington WHOI Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution WWU Western Washington University 2.2. Programs and Principal Investigators Program PIs Institution E-mail Molly Baringer NOAA-AOML [email protected] CTD Gregory Johnson NOAA-PMEL [email protected] Salinity Molly Baringer NOAA-AOML [email protected] LADCP Andreas Thurnherr LDEO [email protected] Dissolved Oxygen Christopher Langdon UM/RSMAS [email protected] Jia-Zhong Zhang NOAA-AOML [email protected] Nutrients Calvin Mordy NOAA-PMEL [email protected] CFCs/SF John Bullister NOAA-PMEL ​6 Rik Wanninkhof NOAA-AOML [email protected] Total CO2 (DIC) ​ ​ Richard Feely NOAA-PMEL [email protected] Rik Wanninkhof NOAA-AOML [email protected] Total Alkalinity / pH Frank Millero UM/RSMAS [email protected] 14 Ann McNichol WHOI [email protected] DI C​ ​ Robert Key PU [email protected] DOM / DOC Dennis Hansell UM/RSMAS [email protected] 14 DO C​ / Black Carbon Ellen Druffel UCI [email protected] ​ Biomarkers and Brett Walker UCI [email protected] Molecular Composition 7 Genetics and POM Adam Martiny UCI [email protected] Net tows Nina Bernardsek SCCWRP [email protected] Rik Wanninkhof NOAA-AOML [email protected] Underway pCO ​2 Denis Pierrot AOML/CIMAS [email protected] Dissolved Calcium Akihiko Murata JAMSTEC [email protected] Akihiko Morata JAMSTEC [email protected] Density Frank Millero UM/RSMAS [email protected] Victoria Coles UMar [email protected] Biological Samples / Raleigh Hood UMar [email protected] Filtration Joaquim Goes LDEO [email protected] Transmissiometry Wilf Gardner TAMU [email protected] Gregory Johnson NOAA-PMEL [email protected] Argo floats Elizabeth Steffen NOAA-PMEL [email protected] Rick Lumpkin NOAA-AOML [email protected] SVP drifters Shaun Dolk AOML/CIMAS [email protected] Wave buoys Kerstin Paulsson SIO [email protected] Fluorometry Bathymetry Ship personnel NOAA [email protected] Underway TSG Ship personnel NOAA [email protected] ADCP Ship personnel NOAA [email protected] Chawalit Charoenpong Nitrate isotopes WHOI Scott D. Wankel 2.3. Scientific Personnel (Legs 1 and 2) Duties Name Affiliation Email 1 Chief Scientist Denis Volkov AOML/CIMAS [email protected] 2 Co-Chief Scientist Viviane Menezes WHOI [email protected] 3 CTD Processing Kristene McTaggart PMEL [email protected] v 4 CTD/Salinity/LADCP/E Andrew Stefanick AOML [email protected] T 5 CTD/Salinity/LADCP James Hooper AOML/CIMAS [email protected] 6 CTD Watch Andrew Whitley TAMU [email protected] 7 CTD Watch Yashwant Meghare WWU [email protected] 8 LADCP Amanda Fay LDEO [email protected] 9 Dissolved O Samantha Ladewig CCU [email protected] ​2 10 Dissolved O Leah Chomiak RSMAS [email protected]