The South-American Situation on Globalization and Competitiveness The objective is to elaborate a database with an analysis of each of the countries within each country, but not to compare indicators between them. Thus, the work becomes a reference of information for all those interested in consulting the situation in a given country of Latin America in terms of globalization and competitiveness in the year 2015. On the other hand, the database can be used in following researches as a starting point for other students interested in perform the analysis and the respective This document corresponds to an comparisons between the results implementation in Globalization and obtained in the present study. Competitiveness, one of the classrooms of the Faculty of Economics at This paper is the result of the guidance, Institucion Universitaria Politecnico editing and coordination is responsibility Grancolombiano, of the methodology of Professor Julio Cesar Botero R, leader developed under the research project: A of the Globalization and Regional divided Integration: An analysis of the Integration Processes research group. implications for integration of the Latin American sub regional integration Elaborated by: processes. Daniel Céspedes Daniel Barbudo The methodology used for the project, Diana Vaquero consisted in to review the situation of the Diana Linares countries of South America in terms of Natalia Segura indicators of globalization and Natalia Pedraza competitiveness built by the KOF institute and the World Economic Forum. 1 2 Country Page Argentina 3 Bolivia 19 Brazil 37 Chile 56 Colombia 84 Ecuador 111 Paraguay 133 Peru 155 Uruguay 169 Venezuela 185 3 Argentina persisted despite numerous challenges, the most formidable of which was a severe economic crisis in 2001-02 that led to violent public protests. Argentina served a nonpermanent seat on the UN Security Council from 2013 to 2014. This report is intended to address the level of globalization and competitiveness in Argentina by analyzing factors and strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats facing the world and its continuous development, for in this way with the collected information, suggest recommendations that focus on maximize their strengths and opportunities to cancel or decrease his weaknesses against the international market and growth of globalization to find greater viability in the event of external investment and competitive Country description: dynamics. The United Provinces of the Rio Plata declared their independence from Spain (CIA) in 1816. The area that remained after Population of Argentina: the separation of Bolivia, Paraguay, and Uruguay became Argentina, Their 43,024,374 (July 2014 est.) culture and population were heavily shaped by immigrants from throughout Population growth rate: Europe, with Italy and Spain providing 0.95% (2014 est.) the largest percentage of newcomers from 1860 to 1930. Up until about the Major urban area: mid-20th century, much of Argentina's history was dominated by periods of BUENOS AIRES (capital) 15.024 internal political conflict between million; Cordoba 1.504 million; Rosario Federalists and Unitarians and between 1.367 million; Mendoza 999,000; San civilian and military factions. After Miguel de Tucuman 899,000; La Plata World War II, an era of Peronist 835,000 (2014) populism and direct and indirect military interference in subsequent Government: governments was followed by a military Argentina republic: junta that took power in 1976. Government type: republic Capital: Buenos Aires Legal system: The Democracy returned in 1983 after a failed bid to seize the Falkland Islands It is a system of civil law based on (Islas Malvinas) by force, and has Western European legal systems. 4 International Law Organization (associate), PCA, SICA (observer), UN, participation: UN Security Council (temporary), UNASUR, UNCTAD, UNESCO, has not submitted an ICJ jurisdiction UNFICYP, UNHCR, UNIDO, Union declaration; accepts ICCt jurisdiction. Latina (observer), UNTSO, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WFTU (NGOs), WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO, ZC Political leaders in Argentina: (CIA) Civic Coalition or CC (a coalition loosely affiliated with Elisa CARRIO) Economic: Argentina possesses rich natural Dissident Peronists (PJ Disidente) or resources, also people with high rate of Federal Peronism (a sector of the literacy, fortress in the agricultural Justicialist Party opposed to the sector which is oriented to export and Kirchners) has a diversified industrial base. Front for Victory or FpV (a broad Although Argentina was one of the coalition, including elements of the PJ, country’s most rich 100 years ago, UCR, and numerous provincial parties) suffered from the economic crisis in the [Cristina FERNANDEZ DE greater part of the 20th century, on a the KIRCHNER] current account deficit, high inflation, a growing debt, the flight of capital, great Peronist (or Justicialist) Party or PJ depression, borrowing public and [Eduardo FELLNER] external, at that time and at the beginning of the present century the Radical Civic Union or UCR [Ernesto President a.i. Adolfo Rodríguez SAÁ SANZ] declared the largest external debt of the Republican Proposal or PRO [Mauricio Government in December of that year MACRI] and abruptly He resigned a few days after taking office. His successor, Socialist Party or PS [Hermes Eduardo DUHALDE, announced the BINNER] end of pin 1-to-1 Decade of the weight with the U.S. dollar at the beginning of Renewal Front (Frente Renovador) 2002. The economy touched bottom that [Sergio MASSA] year, with the GDP real 18% lower than in 1998 and almost 60% of Argentines International organization under the poverty line. Real GDP participation: rebounded to grow by an average of AfDB (nonregional member), Australia 8.5% annually in the following six Group, BCIE, BIS, CAN (associate), years, taking advantage of previously CD, CELAC, FAO, FATF, G-15, G-20, loose capacity industrial and labor, a G-24, G-77, IADB, IAEA, IBRD, restructuring of the audacious debt and ICAO, ICC (national committees), reduced debt, excellent international ICCt, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, financial conditions, and expansionary IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, IMSO, Interpol, monetary and fiscal policies. Inflation IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO, ITSO, ITU, ITUC also increased, however, during the (NGOs), LAES, LAIA, Mercosur, Government of President Néstor MIGA, MINURSO, MINUSTAH, KIRCHNER, which responded with NAM (observer), NSG, OAS, price on business restrictions, as well as OPANAL, OPCW, Paris Club to export restrictions and taxes from 5 2007, with data of underestimating compensation agreement with Repsol inflation. Cristina Fernandez DE for YPF expropriation and submit a KIRCHNER succeeded her husband as proposal to pay its arrears to the Paris President in late 2007, and the rapid Club. However, the Government in July economic growth of the previous years 2014 dwells again on its external debt began to slow sharply next year as since it was unable to reach an government policies to retain exports agreement with us creditors of retention. and the world economy fell into a The delay of the Government to reach recession. The economy in 2010 an agreement and the continuation of recovered strongly from the recession of interventionist policies are contributing. 2009, but it has slowed down since the end of 2011 as well as the Government (CIA) continued to rely on expansionary fiscal GDP (purchasing power parity): and monetary policies, which have kept inflation in the double digits. The $927.4 billion (2014 est.) Government extended the State intervention in the economy throughout $943.4 billion (2013 est.) 2012. In may 2012, the Spanish Congress approved the nationalization $916.5 billion (2012 est.) of oil company Repsol YPF. The GDP (official exchange rate): Government extended the formal and informal measures to restrict imports $536.2 billion (2014 est.) during the year, including a requirement for prior registration and prior approval GDP - real growth rate: of imports. In July, 2012 the -1.7% (2014 est.) Government also tightened further currency controls in an effort to bolster 2.9% (2013 est.) foreign reserves and halt capital flight. In 2013, the Government continued 0.9% (2012 est.) with a mix of fiscal and monetary expansionists and controls to limit the GDP - per capita (PPP): drain outside the Central Bank's $22,100 (2014 est.) reserves, foreign exchange and imports that however fell US $12 billion during $22,700 (2013 est.) the year. GDP grew by 3% and inflation remained stable at 25%, according to $22,300 (2012 est.) private estimates. In October 2013, the Government placed the international GDP - composition, by sector of arbitral disputes long (including three origin: signatures of United States) dating from agriculture: 10.4% before and after the Argentina financial crisis of 2001-02. In early 2014, the industry: 29.5% Government adopted some Orthodox economic policies. Depreciated weight services: 60.1% (2014 est.) 20%, they substantially tightened Agriculture - products: monetary and fiscal policies, and took steps to mend ties with the international sunflower seeds, lemons, soybeans, financial community, including: grapes, corn, tobacco, peanuts, tea, engaging with the IMF to improve its wheat; livestock. economic data reporting, reach a 6 Agriculture is their main strengths and Soy beans and derivatives, petroleum areas for export, for this reason is and gas, vehicles, corn, wheat invested large amount of gross domestic product. Exports - partners: Industries: Brazil 21%,