Developing a Checklist for Non-Binary Inclusive RPG Character Creation Anna Topolova BACHELOR’S THESIS May 2021 Media and Arts Interactive Media ABSTRACT Tampereen ammattikorkeakoulu Tampere University of Applied Sciences Media and Arts Interactive Media ANNA TOPOLOVA: Developing a Checklist for Non-binary Inclusive RPG Character Creation Bachelor's thesis 51 pages, appendices 4 pages May 2021 In the recent years, the visibility of non-binary individuals has been gradually in- creasing. This raised the discussion around non-binary representation and inclu- sion in media. The discussion has inevitably arrived in the game development field and brought up questions of creating playable non-binary characters, espe- cially in the role playing games, where the player-character identification is sig- nificant. In character creation systems non-binary individuals were left the most underrepresented. The objective of this thesis was to create an easy to follow checklist for game developers aiming to implement non-binary inclusive character creation systems. The existing video game character creation systems were examined, as well as the criticism towards them from the non-binary community. The comments and wishes of the non-binary individuals were studied in order to pinpoint the most desired features of the character creation systems. They were analyzed and col- lected into a development checklist. For demonstration, an example character creation system was designed and de- veloped by following the checklist. Possible drawbacks and issues were dis- cussed. Key words: character creation, non-binary characters, representation, video games 3 CONTENTS 1 INTRODUCTION .................................................................................. 5 2 NON-BINARY CHARACTERS IN WESTERN MEDIA .......................... 6 2.1 Overview ........................................................................................ 6 2.2 TV .................................................................................................. 7 2.3 Games ......................................................................................... 10 3 NOT A MONSTER .............................................................................. 13 4 QUEERING THE GAME ..................................................................... 15 4.1 The word Queer ........................................................................... 15 4.2 Queergaming ............................................................................... 15 5 CHARACTERS AND THEIR PLAYERS ............................................. 17 6 CASE STUDIES ................................................................................. 18 6.1 Benchmarking .............................................................................. 18 6.2 RPGs ........................................................................................... 18 6.2.1 Fallout 4 .............................................................................. 18 6.2.2 Cyberpunk 2077 ................................................................. 20 6.3 Non-RPGs .................................................................................... 23 6.3.1 The Sims 4 ......................................................................... 23 6.3.2 2064: Read Only Memories ................................................ 25 6.4 Conclusions ................................................................................. 26 7 THE CHECKLIST AND HOW IT WORKS ........................................... 27 7.1 The Checklist ............................................................................... 27 7.2 The Character Creator: first steps ................................................ 28 7.3 Emphasis on pronouns ................................................................ 30 7.4 Non-restrictive customization ....................................................... 33 7.4.1 Base character ................................................................... 33 7.4.2 Customizable details .......................................................... 37 7.5 Research and community approval .............................................. 40 7.6 Results ......................................................................................... 42 8 DISCUSSION ..................................................................................... 43 REFERENCES ........................................................................................ 44 APPENDICES .......................................................................................... 48 Appendix 1. Character creator gameplay video .................................. 48 Appendix 2. Community feedback ...................................................... 49 4 ABBREVIATIONS AND TERMS AAA, Triple-A informal classification for the games produced with a large budget, often by big companies Canon used to refer to the original body of work and material that is officially accepted to be a part of the work Cisgender a term for a person whose gender identity matches the gender assigned to them at birth Queer an umbrella term for gender and sexual identities other than heterosexual and cisgender, further discussed in chapter 4 LGBTQ+ acronym for Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Transgender, Queer; + stands for other sexualities and identities that are not covered by L, G, B, T and Q initials Non-binary an umbrella term for genders that fall outside of gender binary of male/female NPC non-playable character PC playable character RPG Role Playing Game 5 1 INTRODUCTION Non-binary is an umbrella term for genders that fall outside of gender binary of male/female, and in the recent years non-binary individuals have been gaining more visibility in the Western society with many countries recognising non-binary as a legal gender (for example, Canada, Australia, Austria and many others), and Merriam-Webster dictionary announcing singular “they” to be a word of the year in 2019 (Merriam-Webster 2019) as searches containing the gender-neutral pro- noun have increased 313%. Consequently, the increased awareness around gender minorities has brought up the question of media representation of non-binary people. While more non- binary characters are being introduced to TV programs and video games, their numbers are still extremely low, especially in AAA (produced by with a large budget) video games. Despite many of the popular AAA titles being role playing games, where the main character is often created by the player, none of them have the option to create a non-binary character. Studies have shown that the inability to find an accurate gender representation negatively impacts the game experience (Türkay, Kinzer 2016). Recently there has been an attempt of devel- oping a more inclusive character creation system for Cyberpunk 2077 (CD Pro- jekt Red 2020). It, however, has been met with harsh criticism from gender mi- nority groups for the lack of understanding of their experiences. Both the attempts of AAA companies at inclusion and the criticism they receive signifies the need for a different approach to developing inclusive character cre- ation systems. The aim of this thesis is to make a checklist for a non-binary inclu- sive character creation system, and to create an example of a non-binary inclu- sive character creator by following the checklist. 6 2 NON-BINARY CHARACTERS IN WESTERN MEDIA 2.1 Overview In this thesis the focus is on non-binary characters portrayal in Western media, because major media companies, such as Netflix, Amazon, Hulu stream and pro- duce a significant portion of media that people consume all over the world, thus, playing an important role in creating platforms for LGBTQ+ (Lesbian, Gay, Bisex- ual, Trans, Queer and identities other than cisgender and heterosexual) repre- sentation. For example, currently Netflix has a subscriber base of over 200 million people (Statista 2021), more than 50% of which come from outside of the United States, as seen in Figure 1. Europe/Middle US/Canada East/Africa 36 % 33 % Latin America Asia-Pacific 18 % 13 % FIGURE 1. Netflix regional subscribers (Iqbal 2021) Many of the AAA games are published by US-based game companies, such as Electronic Arts, Bethesda Softworks, 2K and several others, and while many of the development teams are international, the content of the games is moderated by the investors and publishers. 7 2.2 TV GLAAD, an LBGTQ+ organization focused on media representation, publishes annual reports titled Where We Are on TV, that collect data from the American live action TV shows. According to a report of years 2020-2021, regular and re- curring non-binary characters account only for 1% (or four characters) of all the characters. That is, of course, not universal statistics, but indicates a frequency trend in the portrayal of non-binary characters. One of the notable live-action TV characters outside of binary is Janet (Picture 1) from an NBC comedy series The Good Place (2016 – 2020), who is, essentially, a computer program in a feminine-presenting human form. Her catchphrase, “Not a girl”, is a running joke in the series and Janet repeats it every time she is mis- gendered. PICTURE 1. Janet, a feminine-presenting computer program (Fremulon 2016) Good Omens (Narrativia 2019), a mini-TV series based on a titular novel by Terry Pratchett and Neil Gaiman and follows a demon Crowley and an angel Aziraphale, features several non-binary characters, as Neil Gaiman considers all the demons and angels non-binary (Gaiman 2019). However,