Team Work ! Manual for experts on multidisciplinary cooperation against trafficking in human beings for labour exploitation Manual for experts on multidisciplinary cooperation against trafficking in human beings labour exploitation Work! TeamWork! TeamWork! TeamWork! TeamWork! TeamWork! TeamWork! TeamWork! TeamWork! TeamWork! Tea Work! Team Work! TeamWork! TeamWork! TeamWork! TeamWork! TeamWork! TeamWork! TeamWork! TeamWork! TeamWork! TeamWork! Team Work! TeamWork! TeamWork! TeamWork! TeamWork! TeamWork! TeamWork! TeamWork! TeamWork! TeamWork! Tea Work! Team Work! TeamWork! TeamWork! TeamWork! TeamWork! TeamWork! TeamWork! TeamWork! TeamWork! TeamWork! TeamWork! Team Work! TeamWork! TeamWork! TeamWork! TeamWork! TeamWork! TeamWork! TeamWork! TeamWork! TeamWork! Tea Work! Team Work! TeamWork! TeamWork! TeamWork! TeamWork! TeamWork! TeamWork! TeamWork! TeamWork! TeamWork! TeamWork! Team Work! TeamWork! TeamWork! TeamWork! TeamWork! TeamWork! TeamWork! TeamWork! TeamWork! TeamWork! 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This manual is the result of the project TeamWork! Strengthening multidisciplinary cooperation against trafficking for labour exploitation, which was set up in preparation for the Netherlands presidency of the Council of the European Union in the first half of 2016. TeamWork! is a joint project with Luxembourg, Slovakia and Malta, which had and will have the presidency in the periods before and after the Netherlands. All forms of trafficking in human beings (THB) are grave human-rights violations that can cause great harm to victims. Hence they should all be addressed vigorously. THB is a serious, often organised, form of crime that can yield considerable profits to the traffickers at the expense of the victims. The focus on the subject of multidisciplinary cooperation against THB for labour exploitation was chosen because the fight against it still appears less advanced. For example, as will be further explained in the introduction to the manual, the recent Study on case-law relating to trafficking in human beings for labour exploitation published by the European Commission only found a limited number of cases from the reference period (2009-2013)1. Greater efforts therefore need to be made to address the issue. As organisations encounter THB at different stages in the trafficking process, they can only build a complete picture of the issue when they combine their information. They can then undertake joint or complementary activities against THB for labour exploitation. Law enforcement agencies can investigate and prosecute the traffickers. Other organisations may be able to apply administrative sanctions or to revoke licenses. Cooperation is also necessary to provide victims with tailor-made support and assistance. Next to government agencies, NGOs, trade unions and companies also have important roles regarding these issues, for example regarding the prevention of THB for labour exploitation and the protection of victims. As using a multidisciplinary approach is important when tackling any form of serious and organised crime, it is an overarching theme for the Netherlands EU presidency in the area of Justice and Home Affairs. We are very grateful for the cooperation with many experts from the member states, Justice and Home Affairs agencies and other organisations. As a result of their contributions, the manual is full of useful suggestions and advice and contains more than 80 examples of cases and working practices. They serve to illustrate the benefits of multidisciplinary cooperation against THB for labour exploitation and the many kinds of organisations that can play a role in that cooperation. We sincerely hope that this collection of knowledge and experience from all over the EU will contribute to the further development of multidisciplinary and cross-border cooperation against THB for labour exploitation within and between the EU member states. Ard van der Steur Lodewijk Asscher Minister of Security and Justice Deputy Prime Minister, Minister of Social Affairs and Employment The Netherlands The Netherlands 1 European Commission 2015b. 3 TeamWork! Manual • Acknowledgements / Colophon Acknowledgements This manual was drawn up by the Ministry of Security and Justice and the Ministry of Social Affairs and Employment of the Netherlands in cooperation with Luxembourg, the Slovak Republic and Malta within the framework of project TeamWork!. The project served as a follow-up to the conference Putting Rantsev into Practice (held in Amsterdam in April 2013) and the handbook of best practices drawn up subsequently 2, which both focused on multidisciplinary cooperation against THB in general. Just like with Putting Rantsev into Practice, the intention was to involve experts from the EU member states as much as possible in this project, in order to make a comprehensive, practical and useful manual for organisations across the EU. The aim was to collect input for the manual from experts from about a dozen different kinds of organisations. To that end, five workshops were organised for experts from member states, NGOs, JHA agencies and other organisations and questionnaires were distributed. Other colleagues were contacted directly with requests for examples to include in the manual. We would like to extend our sincere gratitude to everyone who has helped us with texts and ideas for the manual. Thanks to the efforts of all colleagues who were prepared to share their cases and practices and to comment on draft versions of the manual, it contains knowledge and expertise on THB for labour exploitation from all over the European Union. The manual would not have been possible without their help. Thanks everyone! ;-) Colophon The organisation of the workshops, distribution of the questionnaires and compilation of the input collected into texts for the manual were carried out by the organisations represented in the Organising Committee of project TeamWork!: - the Public Prosecution Service (OM), - the National Police, - the Inspectorate SZW, - the Immigration and Naturalisation Service (IND), - the Royal Netherlands Marechaussee (KMar), - the City of Amsterdam, - the Expertise Centre on Human Trafficking and People Smuggling (EMM), - Fairwork, - CoMensha, - the Netherlands Trade Union Confederation (FNV), - the Ministry of Foreign Affairs (including the Netherlands embassies in the Philippines and Romania), - the Ministry of Social Affairs and Employment, - the Ministry of Security and Justice and others. The Bureau of the National Rapporteur on Trafficking in Human Beings and Sexual Violence against Children participated in the Organising Committee in an advisory capacity. The handbook was edited by: Jeroen de Jager (Ministry of Security and Justice), Nassira Hassani (Ministry of Social Affairs and Employment) and Evelien Pennings (Ministry of Security and Justice). 2 Ministry of Security and Justice 2013. 4 TeamWork! Manual • Aim of this manual Aim of this manual This manual is aimed at experts and intended to help inspire and strengthen the policy and practice to address trafficking in human beings (THB) for labour exploitation of all organisations that could come across it. More specifically, it aims to stimulate multidisciplinary and cross-border cooperation and a comprehensive approach against this phenomenon. It was drawn up as part of a project called TeamWork!, which was started by four consecutive presidencies of the Council of the European Union (EU): Luxembourg, the Netherlands, the Slovak Republic and Malta. Because of this, the manual mainly focuses on strengthening cooperation among and within EU countries, but it also contains advice