Environmental Management Plan (Appendix B1) Project Number: 42916-014 March 2019 INO: Sarulla Geothermal Power Generation Project Prepared by Sarulla Operations Limited The environmental management plan is a document of the borrower. The views expressed herein do not necessarily represent those of ADB's Board of Directors, Management, or staff, and may be preliminary in nature. Your attention is directed to the “Terms of Use” section of this website. In preparing any country program or strategy, financing any project, or by making any designation of or reference to a particular territory or geographic area in this document, the Asian Development Bank does not intend to make any judgments as to the legal or other status of any territory or area. Final Report Biodiversity Monitoring: Stage 1 Camera trapping and Wildlife Surveys A rare picture of a Manis pangolin ( javanica), listed as Endangered on the IUCN Red List and protected under Indonesian law, together with a Barking deer (Muntiacus muntjac) also a protected species, caught together on camera trap at SOL. 7th of July 2014 by PanEco/YayasanEkosistem Lestari requested by Sarulla Operations Ltd. Executive Summary As part of the development of a Biodiversity Action Plan (BAP), biodiversity surveys consisting of camera trapping and specific primate/sun bear sign surveys were carried out between November -­‐ 2013 June 2014 in the forest area where Sarulla Operations Limited (SOL) is developing a -­‐ large scale geothermal project in/adjacent to the Batang Toru forest complex, located in North Tapanuli, North Sumatra, Indonesia. These Stage 1 biodiversity surveys were intended to biodiversity provide baseline data in the SOL project area prior to disturbance activities and aimed to cover a combination of habitat types and locations within the forest areas near NIL1 and WJP1. Unfortunately land ring clea activities had already commenced towards the end of July 2013, before camera trapping/wildlife surveys were started. These land clearing activities, as well as high human presence and the sound of chainsaws from various legal angles (both SOL and il logging), might have affected various mammal species living in the area. For instance, pecies s not living in strict territories are likely to have moved away from the disturbance. Other species might have been affected by the increase ivity in human act in the area through increased hunting pressures. Key findings ¡ A total of 27 mammal species were encountered during the y biodiversit surveys in and around the SOL project area between -­‐ November 2013 June 2014. Of these, 11 mammal species are listed under the IUCN Red List as Critically Endangered, Endangered or Vulnerable, and 15 of these species are protected under Indonesian law; ¡ A Sumatran tiger (Panthera tigris sumatrae, IUCN Critically Endangered, CR) scat containing pangolin scales was encountered during the reconnaissance surveys in November 2013; ¡ Sumatran orangutan Pongo ( abelii, CR) nests (5 nests) aged 1-­‐6 months old were encountered in June 2014 <2 at some .5 km distance from the NIL1 site and WJP location; ¡ Pangolins (Manis javanica, EN) were photographed at 3 locations in the SOL area; ¡ Marbled cat Pardofelis ( marmorata, EN) was caught on camera trap in 2 separate locations; ¡ Density f o resident agile gibbon (Hylobates agilis, EN) groups was found to 17.9 be high ( ind/km2) in the SOL project area; ¡ Siamangs Symphalangus ( syndactylus, EN) were observed and 2 groups mapped during the surveys; ¡ Mitred leaf monkeys Presbytis ( melalophos, EN) were directly observed twice times during the surveys; ¡ Pig-­‐tailed macaques Macaca ( nemestrina, VU) were one of the most common species caught on camera traps; i ¡ Sun bear Helarctos ( malayanus, VU) sign (claw marks and feeding sign) was encountered throughout the SOL area; ¡ Sambar deer (Cervus unicolor, VU) including several female with young were caught on camera trap on 31 independent events; ¡ Tiger prey species (sambar, barking deer, pigs, and pig-­‐tailed macaques) were among the most common mammal species caught on camera traps in the area; ¡ Hunters and dogs were caught on camera eparate traps on 23 s occasions. ¡ Although not investigated as part of the current ea surveys, the SOL ar has a rich floral diversity, including several protected species including pitcher plants Nepenthes ( spp.) and many orchid species. Recommendations Due to the high occurrence of a significant number of IUCN Red Listed species as well as wildlife protected under Indonesian law in the SOL project area, we provide the following recommendations: Connectivity: Any new road construction in forested areas [to WJP 1] should maintain as many as possible locations along the road where arboreal connectivity [< 5 meter gap] is maintained. This will enable arboreal primates (gibbons, siamang, orangutans, mitred leaf monkeys) to continue to use their home ranges that might be dissected by road development. The absolute maximum distance between uch s arboreal connectivity should be 250 meters along the road, and preferably less than this. Hunting: Hunting of wildlife, including protected species and poaching of songbirds, is common throughout the SOL project area, and several are recommendations made: ¡ Limit/halt free access using project roads; ¡ Develop onservation/hunting c agreements focusing on protected species with the main villages/hamlets close to the project area, and in return provide support for developing small enterprises that will provide sustainable protein alternatives such ( as fish ponds, chicken farming, pig farming); Illegal Logging: Illegal logging around the SOL project area was encountered in several locations and should be halted. The high occurrence of illegal logging in the area is most likely related to the road access, as cut timber is taken out over the road. Garbage Management: Large amounts of daily (food packaging) rubbish were being disposed of randomly in the forest by SOL staff (water bottles, cigarette pack/butts, lunch packaging, plastic bags etc). ii Instructions to staff and control measures should be put in place to stop this littering, and previous litter should be picked up from throughout the SOL project area. ¡ Any other human disturbance (i.e. noise, motorbikes, music), as well as dogs, cats, and invasive species should be minimized as much as possible; ¡ Strict regulations should be put in place regarding the above, both for SOL workers, contractors, visitors and local communities passing through the area; ¡ More in depth baseline information/surveys and monitoring, specifically botanical, but also birds and reptile/amphibians, are recommended to better understand the overall ecology of the area, and to develop a better understanding how to mitigate development activities to other species of ion conservat interest occurring in the ; SOL area General Comments: Because of its scale and importance to the local economy, SOL is perfectly placed to introduce improved environmental practices by implementing the above recommendations for prevention of hunting of protected wildlife, illegal logging, and garbage management. While the company may feel it maintains the support of local communities by bowing to pressure to allow open access to the forests es, surrounding its worksit in the long term this policy can ebound r on the company as its practices become more widely known. On the other hand, rigorously imposing best practices on its own workforce and dissemination of these amongst local communities will enhance the company's international reputation, provide a strong case study for other companies sia, operating in Indone and modify environmentally damaging practices by local communities that appear to currently be accelerating around the work sites. Furthermore, the company is building a relatively lly environmenta -­‐friendly energy power plant that will have local impacts on the highly biodiverse and unique Batang Toru forests. But it has the opportunity to play a very important role in the long-­‐term conservation of the wider tang Ba Toru forest complex ast (both E and West blocks), thus further demonstrating a wider commitment to environmental best practices and conservation. iii Credits Report prepared by PanEco/YayasanEkosistem Lestari: • Gabriella M. Fredriksson, • Graham Usher, • Matthew G. Nowak; Field data lection col & survey teams: • Ronald Siagian (Camera trapping) • Sugesti Mhd Arif (Primate surveys) • Mokhamad Faesal Khakim (Sun bear surveys) • Irvan Sipayung (Survey team) • Hermansyah (Survey team) • Roma Irama (Survey team) • Kamarudin (Survey team) • Sumurudin (Survey team) Acknowledgements We would like to express our gratitude L to all the SO field workers who joined the various surveys and camera trapping efforts, SOL management team in Sarulla for logistical support, Dave Dellatore and Wie Siong (Aerial Surveys), Iain Bray (Mott McDonald) and Jess McKelson. iv Contents Executive Summary ............................................................................................................... i Key findings ............................................................................................................................ i Recommendations ................................................................................................................ ii Credits .................................................................................................................................. iv Acknowledgements ............................................................................................................