Of mountains, men and culture The Mining Cultural Landscape Erzgebirge/Krušnohorˇí A Central European industrial cultural landscape nominated as a UNESCO World Heritage site Arno-Lippmann-Schacht (shaft), Altenberg (element 1) Weißer Hirsch Fundgrube (mine), Schneeberg (element 31) Karl-Liebknecht-Schacht (shaft), Oelsnitz/Erzgeb. (element 39) 2 The Ore Mountains – a region The Mining Cultural Landscape 3 with a unique mining heritage Erzgebirge/Krušnohorˇí The Ore Mountains (Erzgebirge/Krušnohoˇrí) is a Cen- The Mining Cultural Landscape Erzgebirge/Krušnohoˇrí tral European mining region located at the German- is characterised by three determining attributes which Czech border. Emerged from the search for silver and justify its outstanding universal value: other ores, the mining activities in the Ore Mountains (1) the chronological depth of more than 800 years of formed the development of the economy, the culture mining activities from the Middle Ages until today; and the landscape of Saxony and Bohemia from the Middle Ages until today. To this day, the interrela- (2) the diversity of mined and processed ores such as tion of industry, culture and landscape makes the Ore silver, lead, tin, copper, iron, cobalt, nickel, zinc and Mountains unique. uranium as well as other raw materials such as kaolin, chalk and coal; According to the spatial distribution of the raw ma- terial deposits and the historic-political development (3) the broad spectrum of mining, industrial and cul- several mining areas geographically and functionally tural monuments such as mining and ore processing delineable from one and another developed through- sites, mining landscapes, following-up industries, min- out the centuries in the Ore Mountains. The com- ing settlements and scientific sites as well as their as- ponent parts of the Mining Cultural Landscape Erz- sociated cultural values including education, sciences gebirge/Krušnohoˇrí are reflecting and representing and technology, arts, craft, music and literature, folk art this development process as well as the specific and and traditions as well as political, legal and economical unique character of this cultural landscape. developments of national and international importance (7 facets). Lengefeld Lime Works (element 2) Town Hall and Royal Mint of Jáchymov (CZ1) Terraconic Heaps, Buchholz Mining Landscape (element 23) Glashütte watchmakers’ school (element 2) Man-made ditch near Großhartmannsdorf (element 11) Shaft Complex 371 near Bad Schlema (element 38) 4 World Heritage criteria The component parts 5 The Mining Cultural Landscape Erzgebirge/Krušnohoˇrí In total, 85 component parts were selected to fully document all attributes. These component parts are (ii) illustrates an important interchange of values on critically important for the understanding of the evo- the development of a transboundary mining land- lution of the mining cultural landscape, its worldwide scape and a mining society within the time span of significance and the formative influence of the mining more than 800 years; activities. Due to the different heritage protection laws, the different density of population as well as (iii) is an exceptional illustration in material form of the broader geographical distribution of the mining the social, economic and administrative structures of heritage on the Saxon side of the Ore Mountains the an 800-year old mining civilization; number and layout of the component parts differ bet- ween Saxony and the Czech Republic. (iv) represents a valuable source for our present- day knowledge of mining techniques, related settle- The component parts themselves are composed of ments, buildings and structures and illustrates the single monuments, groups of buildings, linear struc- gradual changes of the landscape; tures, urban and mining landscapes. Moreover, the 79 Saxon component parts are assigned to 39 region- (vi) represents a region which is directly associated al elements. Each component part vividly illustrates a with the culture of an old mining territory and which part of the history and the development of this mining is strongly associated with the system of knowledge cultural landscape. Taken together, the component representing the ideas and theories of mining and parts are reflecting a large and from the beginning on geo-sciences. decentral organised mining landscape. Stamp mill, Wäsche IV in Altenberg (element 1) Frohnauer Hammer (hammer mill), Annaberg-Buchholz Scheibenberg Geotope (element 25) (element 21) 11 Klipphausen DRESDEN 10 4 Reinsberg 101 173 Striegistal 17 Saxony ORE MOUNTAINS 9 Germany Großschirma Halsbrücke Czech 6 170 180 Republic Freiberg 5 72 4 173 8 Dippoldiswalde Brand-Erbisdorf 3 7 173 4 Weißenborn Augustusburg Glashütte 12 101 Lichtenberg 2 4 Großhart- mannsdorf 170 CHEMNITZ 11 Mulda 38 174 1 180 72 Altenberg 101 171 Werdau Oelsnitz/E. 13 ZWICKAU 17 39 95 Pockau-Lengefeld Pfaffroda CZ6 Ústí nad 15 Krupka Labem 19 Seiffen Neumark Olbernhau 18 72 17 Teplice 169 20 Ehrenfriedersdorf Marienberg Kirchberg Langenweißbach 101 14 16 93 Zwönitz 34 Bad Schlema 38 32 22 13 Waldkirchen 29 Aue Hartmanns- 28 Annaberg-Buchholz 174 Czech Republic dorf Schneeberg 27 8 31 30 23 21 24 Zschorlau 15 10 Gersdorf Mining Landscape and 29 Bad Schlema Mining Landscape (1) 25 101 33 26 Altzella Monastery (2) 283 Schwarzenberg 30 Historic Centre of Schneeberg (1) 37 Scheibenberg 7 11 Freiberg Mining Water Most Jöhstadt Jirkov 31 36 Management System (2) Weißer Hirsch Fundgrube (mine) (1) Eibenstock 32 Schneeberg Mining Landscape (3) Erlabrunn 12 Augustusburg Hunting Lodge (1) 35 38 95 Chomutov (Komotau) 13 Lengefeld Lime Works 33 Schindlers Werk Blue Dye Factory (1) (1) CZ4 34 14E442 Historic Centre of Marienberg Hoher Forst Mining Landscape (1) (2) 28 CZ5 35 Louˇcná 15 Mining Landscape Lauta (1) Mining Landscape Eibenstock (1) pod Mˇedˇenec Horní Blatná CZ2 Boží Dar 16 Grüner Graben Pobershau 36 Erlahammer Ironworks (1) KlÍnovcem Abertamy Kadaň(water ditch) (1) 37 Schwarzenberg Castle (1) Czech Republic Jáchymov 13 17 Grünthal Liquation Hut Complex (1) 38 CZ1 25 Monuments of Uranium Mining (4) 18 Monuments of the Wooden 39 Monuments of Coal Mining (6) CZ3 Craftart in Seiffen (2) 27 Ostrov 19 Component parts of the Ehrenfriedersdorf Mining 7 Landscape (2) CZECH REPUBLIC – Mining Cultural Landscape COMPONENT PARTS: Karlovy Vary 20 Niederzwönitz Paper Mill (1) Erzgebirge/Krušnohoˇrí“ CZ1 Jáchymov Mining Cultural Landscape 21 Historic Centre of Annaberg (1) CZ2 Abertamy–Boží Dar–Horní Blatná 22 Frohnau Mining Landscape (3) Mining Cultural Landscape GERMANY – ELEMENTS (NUMBER OF COMPONENT PARTS): 23 CZ3 Buchholz Mining Landscape (3) The Red Tower of Death 1 Altenberg–Zinnwald Mining 5 Historic Centre of Freiberg (2) 24 Pöhlberg Mining Landscape (2) (Rudá vˇež smrti) Landscape (7) 6 Himmelfahrt Fundgrube Mining CZ4 25 Scheibenberg Geotope (1) Lime Works in Háj near Louˇcná 2 Glashütte Watch-making Industry Landscape (7) pod KlÍnovcem Monuments (1) 26 Schmalzgrube Ironworks (1) 7 CZ5 Zug Mining Landscape (1) Mˇedník Hill Mining Landscape 3 Dippoldiswalde Medieval Silver 27 Historic Mining Monuments 8 Muldenhütten Metallurgical CZ6 Mines (1) in Aue (3) Krupka Mining Cultural Landscape Complex (1) 4 Brand-Erbisdorf Mining 28 Schneeberger Floßgraben 9 Freiberg Northern Mining District Landscape (3) (timber transport ditch) (1) with Ore Canal (4) Grünthal Liquation Hut Complex (element 17) Blacksmith (miners parade) Mˇedník Hill Mining Landscape (CZ 5) 8 The Ore Mountains – Protection and management 9 a continuing cultural landscape The preservation of authenticity and integrity of the Mining Cultural Landscape Erzgebirge/Krušnohoˇrí is Another very important feature of the Ore Mountains based on national statutory provisions and internation- (Erzgebirge/Krušnohoˇrí) is the fact that is not a re- al agreements. On the national level all component lict landscape but a continuing landscape in which parts are protected by various legal regulations. More- economic, urban and infrastructural projects will be over, the Free State of Saxony and the Czech Repub- realised today and in future. In particular, new explo- lic have signed a Memorandum of Understanding, in ration activities and the first newly opened mines are which they declare their common will to protect the part of this development. nominated serial property in accordance with the re- quirements set up in the World Heritage Convention. As one of the most densely populated Central Euro- pean mountain ranges, the Ore Mountains developed On the basis of already established working structures especially on the basis of its long-lasting mining his- a future management system was developed which tory. One key issue is to harmonise current and future involves all stakeholders on the national as well as requirements of this living and developing industrial the international level. A common management plan landscape with the preservation of the valuable histo- defines basic objectives and forms a framework to re- ric witnesses and landscapes. alise the preservation, conservation, use and further development as well as the long-term management of the nominated serial property from the very be- ginning on. Town wall of Marienberg (element 14) Woodcarver in the Ore Mountains Schwarzenberg Castle (element 37) Steam engine, Alte Elisabeth (mine) (element 6) Historic Centre of Freiberg (element 5) Starý Martin adit, Krupka (CZ 6) 10 Method of the selection 11 of the component parts A basic foundation for the realisation of the project Moreover, the aim