UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR J. A. Krug, Secretary GEOLOGICAL SURVEY W. E. Wrather, Director Bulletin 959 GEOPHYSICAL ABSTRACTS 132-135 JANUARY-DECEMBER 1948 (NUMBERS 9708-10736) BY V. L. SKITSKY AND S. T. VESSELOWSKY UNITED STATES GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE WASHINGTON : 1949 CONTENTS [The letters in parentheses are those used to designate, the chapters for separate publication] Page- (A) Geophysical Abstracts 132, January-March 1948 (nos. 9708-9961) __ 1 (B) Geophysical Abstracts 133, April-June 1948 (nos. 9962-10212)______ 87 (C) Geophysical Abstracts 134, July-September 1948 (nos. 10213-10472).. 177 (D) Geophysical Abstracts 135, October-December 1948 (nos. 10473- 10736)_____________________________________________________ 263; Index, January-December 1948_-----_______-_____-_____________.____ 361 Under Departmental orders, Geophysical Abstracts have been published at different times by the Bureau of Mines or by the Geological Survey, as noted! below: 1-86, May 1929-June 1936, Bureau of Mines, Information Circulars. [Mimeo­ graphed.] 87, July-December 1936, Geological Survey, Bulletin 887. 88-91, January-December 1937, Geological Survey, Bulletin 895. 92-95, January-December 1938, Geological Survey, Bulletin 909. 96-99, January-December 1939, Geological Survey, Bulletin 915. 100-103, January-December 1940, Geological Survey, Bulletin 925. 104-107, January-December 1941, Geological Survey, Bulletin 932. 108-111, January-December 1942, Geological Survey, Bulletin 939. 112-127, January 1943-December 1946, Bureau of Mines, Information Circulars, [Mimeographed.] 128-131, January-December 1947, Geological Survey Bulletin 957. 132-135, January-December 1948, Geological Survey Bulletin 959. in CORRECTION (Substitute for table of contents In Bulletin 959-C) CONTENTS Foreword ___-_-_-___-_________.--____-__--___------------------- 177 0. General geophysical subjects.___________________________________ 178 1. Gravitational methods.-_______-_________________________.______ 180 2. Magnetic methods.---..------------------.-------------------- 186 3. Seismic methods______.._..-_._.__.._________.._______._..___._. 199 4. Electrical methods.____________________________________________ 217 5. Radioactive methods__'_____________.___________________________ 221 6. Geothermal methods__--_-___---_---__--___-___________._______ 223 7. Geochemical methods.-------------------------------------- 224 8. Drill-Hole methods__________________________-___.-_---__ ______ 227 9. Unclassified geophysical subjects.._______________________________ 232 10. Related geological subjects..------------------------------------ 238 11. Technical aids to exploration.....:. - ---- 242 12. Patents ______________________________________________________ 246 Index....---.--------------------------------------------------- 259 NOTE For a greater differentiation Of contents, section 8 of previous reports is replaced by section 0 and section 9, and the former section 9 is replaced by section 10 and section 11. An additional section on drill-hole methods, section 8, is introduced. II UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR J. A. Krug, Secretary GEOLOGICAL SURVEY W. E. Wrather, Director Bulletin 959-A GEOPHYSICAL ABSTRACTS 132 JANUARY-MARCH 1948 BY V. L. SKITSKY AND . S. T. VESSELOWSKY UNITED STATES GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE WASHINGTON : 1948 For sale by the. Superintendent of Documents, U. S. Government Printing Otiice Washington 25, D. C. - Price 25 cents CONTENTS Page Foreword_ _____________________________^___________.____________ 1 0. General geophysical subjects.____________________________________ 2 1. Gravitational methods________________________________________ 3 2. Magnetic methods _____________________________________________ 12 3. Seismic methods_ ___-_______-__^__-_^___-___________-____-_____ 24 4. Electrical methods_____________________________________________ 42 5. Radioactive methods.__________________________________________ 47 6. Geothermal methods_-____________-________---_____--__--_-____ 51 7. Geochemical methods._________________________________________ 53 8. Drill-hole methods---________--_-_-_______-_-_-____--__________ 56 9. Unclassified geophysical subjects-_---________-___-___-__-_-______ 60 10. Related geological subjects____--_-----__---------_----__-------- 65 11. Technical aids to exploration__-_____________-________-_-_---_-_- 68 12. Patents___.______-__________.._._._ ..._.__.._ ...__- 70 Index _____-________l-_-__-_____--_-_--_._-----.------------------ 83 NOTE. For a greater differentiation of contents Section 8 of previous reports is replaced by Section 0 and Section 9, and the former Section 9 is replaced by Section 10 and Section 11. An additional section on drill hole methods, Section 8, is introduced. ,. II GEOPHYSICAL ABSTRACTS 132, JANUARY-MARCH 1948 By V. L. SKITSKY and S. T. VESSELOWSKY FOKEWOKD Geophysical Abstracts are issued by the Section of Geophysics of the Geological Survey, United States Department of the Interior, as an aid to those engaged in geophysical research and exploration. The publication covers world literature on geophysics contained in periodicals, books, and patents. It deals with exploration by gravita­ tional, magnetic, seismic, electrical, radioactive, geothermal, and geo- chemical methods and with underlying geophysical theory, research, and related subjects. Inasmuch as geophysicists in the field may have little opportunity to consult libraries, the policy is to provide abstracts sufficiently in­ formative in themselves to keep readers abreast of developments in. the United States and abroad. Distribution. Geophysical Abstracts 1-86 were issued as Informa­ tion Circulars by the Bureau of Mines; 87-111 were issued as Bulletins of the Geological Survey; and 112-127 were issued as Information Circulars by the Bureau of Mines. Beginning with 128, Geophysical Abstracts are published as Bulletins of the Geological Survey. As long as available, Geophysical Abstracts issued as Information Circulars may be obtained free of charge from Publications Section, Bureau of Mines. Geophysical Abstracts issued as Bulletins of the Geological Survey may be purchased as single copies or by subscription from the Superintendent of Documents, Government Printing Office, Washington 25, D. C. For subscription, the Superintendent of Docu­ ments will accept a deposit of $5 in payment for subsequent issues. When this fund is near depletion, the subscriber will be notified. The deposit may also be used to cover purchase of any other publica­ tion from the Superintendent of Documents. Author's reprints. The Geological Survey will appreciate receiving reprints of publications and patent specifications from authors and inventors. These will be filed for reference after beingO abstracted. In reproducing authors' abstracts the Geological Survey reserves the right to make minor changes in accordance with its editorial policy. All reprints and correspondence other than orders for copies of Geophysical Abstracts should be addressed to the Director, Geological Survey, United States Department of the Interior, Washington 25, D.C. l 2 GEOPHYSICAL ABSTRACTS 132, JANUARY-MARCH 1948 0. GENERAL GEOPHYSICAL SUBJECTS 9708. Adams, L. H. Some unsolved problems of geophysics: Am. Geophys. Union Trans., vol. 28, no. 5, pp. 673-679, Washington, D. C., 1947. After a brief review of what is known about the whole earth,, from the upper limit of the atmosphere several hundred miles above the surface to the very center at a depth of 4,000 miles, attention is called to six of the particularly baffling problems in geophysics. These are: The origin of mountain chains; the origin of geosynclines; the cause of igneous activity, including volcanism; the origin of deep-focus earth­ quakes caused at depths of as much as 400 miles below the surface; the origin of the earth's magnetic field; and the temperatures prevailing in the interior of the earth. It is urged that more effort be devoted to scientific investigations in the several branches of the physics of the earth, with the use of all possible theoretical as well as experimental methods. Author's abstract, condensed by V. 8. 9709. Diukov, A. I. Geophysical methods of exploration in the U.S.S.R. [in Russian] : Razvedka Nedr, vol. 13, no. 5, pp. 60-66, Moscow, 1947. An outline is given of the development of methods of geophysical ex­ ploration in the U.S.S.R., from their inception in the work of the Special Commission for the Investigation of the Kursk Magnetic Anomaly in 1920 to the present time. Progress is noted in the establishment in 1923 of the Institute of Applied Geophysics (IPG) ; the work of the geophysical section of the All-Union Geological Institute (VSEGEl) ; the research of certain affiliates of the Academy of Sciences, such as the Institute of Theoretical Geophysics, the Seismological Institute, the Geological Insti­ tute, and the Urals Affiliate; the investigations of the Institute of Ter­ restrial Magnetism (NIIZM) and the Central Institute of Geodesy, Aerosurvey, and Cartography; the activities of the new organizations Created Since the war, SUCll as the-Institute of Applied Geophysics (NI1PG) established in 1944 in Moscow as a center of petroleum ex­ ploration and the All-Union Institute of Exploration Geophysics (VIRG) established in 1945 in Leningrad as a part of the Ministry of Geology; and the work of the educational institutions, factories, and shops train­ ing geophysical personnel and manufacturing instruments. VariOUS achievements of exploration by different geophysical