A SURVEY OF POLICIES AND PRACTICES IN RESPECT TO RESPONSES BY RELIGIOUS INSTITUTIONS TO COMPLAINTS OF CHILD SEXUAL ABUSE AND COMPLAINTS BY ADULTS OF HISTORICAL CHILD SEXUAL ABUSE, 1960-2006 CHIEF AUTHOR: TRACY TROTHEN ASSOCIATE PROFESSOR THEOLOGY AND RELIGIOUS STUDIES QUEEN’S UNIVERSITY - 2 - Table of Contents CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION................................................................................... 6 SETTING THE CONTEXT.................................................................................................... 6 PURPOSE AND OBJECTIVES .............................................................................................. 8 RESEARCH METHODOLOGY ........................................................................................... 11 LIMITATIONS OF THE STUDY .......................................................................................... 15 SELECTED BIBLIOGRAPHY ............................................................................................. 17 CHAPTER 2 – THE ROMAN CATHOLIC CHURCH IN CANADA...................... 20 (I) INTRODUCTION.......................................................................................................... 20 Church Structure and Description of the Context .................................................... 21 (II) APPROACH TO CHILD SEXUAL ABUSE INCLUDING RELEVANT STATEMENTS, POLICIES ..............................................................................................AND PRACTICES: 1960-1980 ....................................................................................................................................... 24 A Brief Note on Canon Law...................................................................................... 24 A Brief Historical Contextual Overview................................................................... 27 (III) APPROACH TO CHILD SEXUAL ABUSE INCLUDING RELEVANT STATEMENTS, POLICIES AND PRACTICES: 1981-1991.......................................................................... 32 Background: A Brief Note on Canon Law ................................................................ 32 Background: The Greater Emergence of Child Sexual Abuse Complaints .............. 32 1987: Canada’s First Roman Catholic Diocesan Child Abuse Protocols ............... 34 Diocesan Case Examples: 1. Archdiocese of Toronto.............................................. 39 2. London Diocese .................................................................................................... 42 (IV) APPROACH TO CHILD SEXUAL ABUSE INCLUDING RELEVANT STATEMENTS, POLICIES AND PRACTICES: 1992-2006.......................................................................... 44 Complaints of Child Sexual Abuse and Complaints by Adults ofHistorical Childhood Sexual Abuse ............................................................................................................. 45 Diocesan Case Examples: 1. The Archdiocese of Ottawa........................................ 48 2. The Archdiocese of Edmonton .............................................................................. 48 3. Other Dioceses..................................................................................................... 50 A Brief Note on Canon Law...................................................................................... 51 From Pain to Hope: 2005 Review ........................................................................... 52 Investigative Procedures Regarding Complaints ..................................................... 56 1. The Archdiocese of Ottawa................................................................................... 56 2. The ArchDiocese of Edmonton ............................................................................. 57 Complaints Regarding Persons who are not Church Personneland Complaints Regarding Persons who are Church Officials, and/or Employees........................... 58 Third Party Complaints ............................................................................................ 59 Responses to Involved Persons ................................................................................. 61 Screening Policies and/or Mandatory Education for Church Volunteers, Employees, and/or Officials...................................................................................... 65 (IV) CHAPTER SUMMARY............................................................................................... 73 SELECTED BIBLIOGRAPHY ............................................................................................. 76 Secondary Sources.................................................................................................... 76 Media Articles........................................................................................................... 76 - 3 - Primary Sources from the Roman Catholic Church................................................. 77 Interviews and Email Correspondence..................................................................... 79 CHAPTER 3 – THE UNITED CHURCH OF CANADA ........................................... 81 INTRODUCTION .............................................................................................................. 81 CHURCH STRUCTURE AND DESCRIPTION OF THE CONTEXT ........................................... 81 APPROACH TO CHILD SEXUAL ABUSE INCLUDING RELEVANT STATEMENTS, POLICIES AND PRACTICES: 1960-1980.......................................................................................... 84 APPROACH TO CHILD SEXUAL ABUSE INCLUDING RELEVANT STATEMENTS, POLICIES AND PRACTICES: 1981-1992.......................................................................................... 87 APPROACH TO CHILD SEXUAL ABUSE INCLUDING RELEVANT STATEMENTS, POLICIES AND PRACTICES: 1992 – 2006 ....................................................................................... 96 COMPLAINTS OF CHILD SEXUAL ABUSE AND COMPLAINTS OF CHILD SEXUAL ABUSE AND COMPLAINTS BY ADULTS OF HISTORICAL CHILDHOOD SEXUAL ABUSE .............. 100 INVESTIGATIVE PROCEDURES REGARDING COMPLAINTS............................................. 109 COMPLAINTS REGARDING PERSONS WHO ARE NOT CHURCH PERSONNEL AND COMPLAINTS REGARDING PERSONS WHO ARE CHURCH OFFICIALS, AND/OR EMPLOYEES ..................................................................................................................................... 112 THIRD PARTY COMPLAINTS ......................................................................................... 114 RESPONSES TO INVOLVED PERSONS............................................................................. 118 SCREENING POLICIES AND/OR MANDATORY EDUCATION FOR CHURCH VOLUNTEERS, EMPLOYEES, AND/OR OFFICIALS (IN POSITIONS OF RESPONSIBILITY REGARDING CHILDREN AND YOUTH) .............................................................................................. 123 CHAPTER SUMMARY.................................................................................................... 129 SELECTED BIBLIOGRAPHY ........................................................................................... 132 Secondary Sources.................................................................................................. 132 Primary Sources from The United Church of Canada ........................................... 132 United Church of Canada Committee Minutes, Letters, Other Correspondence, and Interviews................................................................................................................ 133 Internet Sources ...................................................................................................... 134 CHAPTER 4 – THE ANGLICAN CHURCH IN CANADA .................................... 135 INTRODUCTION ............................................................................................................ 135 CHURCH STRUCTURE AND DESCRIPTION OF THE CONTEXT ......................................... 136 APPROACH TO CHILD SEXUAL ABUSE INCLUDING RELEVANT STATEMENTS, POLICIES AND PRACTICES: 1960-1980........................................................................................ 143 APPROACH TO CHILD SEXUAL ABUSE INCLUDING RELEVANT STATEMENTS, POLICIES AND PRACTICES: 1981-1991........................................................................................ 147 APPROACH TO CHILD SEXUAL ABUSE INCLUDING RELEVANT STATEMENTS, POLICIES AND PRACTICES: 1992-2006........................................................................................ 158 COMPLAINTS OF CHILD SEXUAL ABUSE AND COMPLAINTS BY ADULTS OF HISTORICAL CHILDHOOD SEXUAL ABUSE........................................................................................ 163 1. The Diocese of Huron ......................................................................................... 168 2. Diocese of Kootenay ........................................................................................... 174 INVESTIGATIVE PROCEDURES REGARDING COMPLAINTS............................................. 175 COMPLAINTS REGARDING PERSONS WHO ARE NOT CHURCH PERSONNEL AND COMPLAINTS REGARDING PERSONS WHO ARE CHURCH OFFICIALS, AND/OR EMPLOYEES - 4 - ..................................................................................................................................... 176 THIRD PARTY COMPLAINTS ......................................................................................... 177 RESPONSES TO INVOLVED PERSONS............................................................................