//? VCr ~ / Ct & AFML-TR-77-145 )R^ yc ' )f f.3 Standards for Computer Aided Manufacturing Office of Developmental Automation and Control Technology Institute for Computer Sciences and Technology National Bureau of Standards Washington, D.C. 20234 January 1977 Final Technical Report, March— December 1977 Distribution limited to U.S. Government agencies only; Test and Evaluation Data; Statement applied November 1976. Other requests for this document must be referred to AFML/LTC, Wright-Patterson AFB, Ohio 45433 Manufacturing Technology Division Air Force Materials Laboratory Wright-Patterson Air Force Base, Ohio 45433 . NOTICES When Government drawings, specifications, or other data are used for any purpose other than in connection with a definitely related Government procurement opera- tion, the United States Government thereby incurs no responsibility nor any obligation whatsoever; and the fact that the Government may have formulated, furnished, or in any way supplied the said drawing, specification, or other data, is not to be regarded by implication or otherwise as in any manner licensing the holder or any person or corporation, or conveying any rights or permission to manufacture, use, or sell any patented invention that may in any way be related thereto Copies of this report should not be returned unless return is required by security considerations, contractual obligations, or notice on a specified document This final report was submitted by the National Bureau of Standards under military interdepartmental procurement request FY1457-76 -00369 , "Manufacturing Methods Project on Standards for Computer Aided Manufacturing." This technical report has been reviewed and is approved for publication. FOR THE COMMANDER: DtiWJNlb L. WlbNUSKY Manager, ICAM Program Office Manufacturing Technology Division Air Force Materials Laboratory AIR FO RC E/567 80/6 February 1978 — 400 F ) SECURITY CLASSIFICATION OF THIS PAGE (When Deta^ Entered) ^ 1 i READ INSTRUCTIONS REPORT DOCUMENTATION PAGE BEFORE COMPLETING FORM !. REPORT NUMBER 2. GOVT ACCESSION NO. 3. RECIPIENT’S CATALOG NUMBER AFML-TR-77-145 4. TITLE (and Subtitle) 5. TYPE OF REPORT & PERIOD COVERED STANDARDS FOR COMPUTER AIDED MANUFACTURING Final Report April 1 976-December 1976 6. PE^LPO'RMTFTG 07G. REPQR T NUMBER fNBSIR 76-10941 Rl 7. AU THOR(s) 0'\ CONTRACT OR G R ANJP-NTTm B E Rfs Dr. John M. Evans, Jr., et„ al. FY145776-00369 9. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME AND ADDRESS 10. PROGRAM ELEMENT. PROJECT. TASK AREA & WORK UNIT NUMBERS National Bureau of Standards Department of Commerce 78011 Washington, D.C. 20234 6 CAM 9999 II. CONTROLLING OFFICE NAME AND ADDRESS 12. REPORT date ICAM Program Office June 1977 Air Force Materials Laboratory 13. NUMBER 0“ “AGES Wright-Patterson Air Force Base, OH 45433 352 14. MONITORING AGENCY NAME & ADDRESS (if different from Controlling Office) 15. SECURITY CLASS, (of this report) UNCLASSIFIED 15a. DECL ASSI FICATION/ DOWNGRADING ! SCHEDULE 16. DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT (ot this Report) 17. DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT (of the abstract entered in Block 20, if different from Report) ! Distribution is limited to U.S. Government agencies only; Test and Evaluation Data; Statement applied November 1976. Other requests for this document must j be referred to AFML/LTC, Wright-Patterson AFB, OH 45433 18. SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES 19. KEY WORDS (Continue on reverse side if necessary and identify by block number) CAM architectures; computer aided manufacturing; computer systems; standards; system integration; voluntary standards. 20. ABSTRACT (Continue on reverse side if necessary and identify by block number) j This report identifies and evaluates those existing and potential standards which will be useful to the Air Force in the development and implementation of inte- grated computer aided manufacturing (ICAM) systems. Such systems, when imple- mented by the Air Force and by Air Force contractors, will increase productivity in discrete part batch manufacturing by several thousand percent. The use and DD ^73 EDITION OF 1 NOV 65 IS OBSOLETE , j an 1473 SECURITY CLASSIFICATION OF THIS PAGE (When Data Entered) SECURITY CLASSIFICATION OF THIS PAGEfHTian Data Entered) (Block 20 - Continued) importance of standards are considered in the context of CAM systems. Since the Air Force will develop the detailed ICAM architecture after this study is complete, existing system concepts and archi tectures are examined to identify the common elements to guide the further presentation and discussion of relevant standards. SECURITY CLASSIFICATION OF Tu.c PAGE (When Data Entered) PREFACE This report covers the results of work accomplished during a nine month sponsored program with the Air Force Materials Laboratory, Air Force Systems Command, Wright Patterson Air Force Base, Ohio under Military Interdepartmental Procurement Request FY145776-00369. Air Force Project Engineers were Captain Dan Shunk and Mr. William A. Harris. The primary authors of this report are: John M. Evans, Jr., Ph.D.- Project Manager, Joseph T. O'Neill, John L. Little, George E. Clark, Ph.D., James S. Albus, Ph.D., Anthony J. Barbera, Ph.D., Bradford M. Smith, Dennis W. Fife, Ph.D., Elizabeth N. Fong, David E. Gilsinn, Ph.D., Frances E. Holberton, Brian G. Lucas, Ph.D., Gordon E. Lyon, Ph.D., Beatrice A. S. Marron, Mable V. Vickers and Justin C. Walker. TABLE OF CONTENTS INTRODUCTION 1 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 3 STANDARDS IN CAM SYSTEMS 11 AIR FORCE ROLE IN STANDARDS 17 SUMMARY OF TECHNICAL RECOMMENDATIONS 43 NC PART PROGRAMMING LANGUAGE STANDARDS 49 CAD/CAM INTERFACE STANDARDS 63 COMPUTER AND COMMUNICATIONS INTERFACE STANDARDS 77 COMMUNICATION CODE STANDARDS 121 PROGRAMMING LANGUAGE STANDARDS 149 OPERATING SYSTEMS 175 DATA BASE MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS 187 SOFTWARE TESTING AND TOOLS 213 DOCUMENTATION STANDARDS 225 MEDIA STANDARDS 237 APPENDIX A. Statement of Work *...247 APPENDIX B. CAM Systems Architecture 253 APPENDIX C. Assessment of Artificial Intelligence Languages . 275 APPENDIX D. Assessment of Simulation Languages 323 APPENDIX E. DBMS File Structures 349 . - ' ••• I . INTRODUCTION The Air Force is initiating a mjaor new program to accelerate the establishment of Integrated Computer Aided Manufacturing (ICAM) in discrete part batch manufacturing industries in the United States, especially in the serospace industry. The National Bureau of Standards is providing support to that program by analyzing existing standards relevant to Integrated Computer Aided Manufacturing. This document is the final report to the Air Force Manufacturing Technology Division of the Air Force Materials Laboratory at Wright-Patterson Air Force Base on the ICAM support project. This report covers all five tasks of the project as are defined in Appendix A. Task 1 Identify current standards applicable to CAM. Task 2 Analyze existing formal and de facto standards. Task 3 Assess the actual usage of standards in industry. Task 4 Recommend optimal standards for CAM system development. Task 5 Identify standards organizations and outline a proper Air Force role in standards activities. This report identifies those existing and potential standards which will be useful to the Air Force in the development and implementation of integrated computer aided manufacturing systems. Such systems, when implemented by the Air Force and by Air Force contractors, will increase productivity in discrete part batch manufacturing by several thousand percent. The NBS effort provides a comprehensive reference data base on all formal and de facto standards that are considered to be relevant to the Air Force Program. Summary data sheets included in the report form an annotated bibliography on each standards activity for ease of reference. The report examines the utility of these standards to the Air Force Program and in each relevant standards area recommends a best approach to follow either toward adopting existing standards or toward developing needed standards Finally the report outlines the proper role of the Air Force in standards activities. Recommendations are made for a comprehensive and rational approach to computer integrated manufacturing based upon the use of formal standards, definitive technical guidelines, and precise ICAM program policy. These recommendations are made in a framework of programmatic objectives that NBS believes to be essential for the success of the ICAM program. The work reported here was supported in part by the Air Force Program for Integrated Computer Aided Manufacturing, Manufacturing Technology Division, Air Force Materials Laboratory, Wright-Patterson Air Force Base under MIPR FY 14577600369, Dennis Wisnosky, Program Manager. 1 * t ! . ' . EXECUTIVE SUMMARY The Air Force is initiating a major new program to accelerate the establishment of Integrated Computer Aided Manufacturing (ICAM) in discrete part batch manufacturing industries in the United States, especially in the aerospace industry. This report describes work done at the National Bureau of Standards (NBS) to analyze those existing standards which are relevant to the ICAM Program and to outline a policy to achieve Air Force programmatic objectives thru the use of standards. The goal of demonstrating computer integrated manufacturing requires the interaction of a multitude of functional modules some of which are already in limited use, some just conceived, and others not yet developed. Coordinating the development of this variety of technologies from an equally large number of different contractors and doing it in such a way as to have each module fit into the architecture of an