Lion Tamarin PHVA WORKSHOP FINAL REPORT Escola de Administração Fazendária (ESAF) Brasília, Distrito Federal, Brazil 7-11 JUNE 2005 Institutional Support IBAMA - Instituto Brasileiro do Meio Ambiente e dos Recursos Naturais Renováveis IPÊ - Instituto de Pesquisas Ecológicas AMLD - Associação Mico-Leão-Dourado IESB - Instituto de Estudos Sócio-Ambientais do Sul da Bahia Planning Commitee General Organization Onildo João Marini Filho, IBAMA Cláudio Valladares-Padua, IPÊ Denise Rambaldi, AMLD Jonathan Ballou, NZP Devra Kleiman, ICCM Patrícia Medici, IPE, IUCN/SSC CBSG Brasil Bengt Holst, ICCM, IUCN/SSC CBSG Europe PHVA Workshop Design and Report Patrícia Medici, IPE, IUCN/SSC CBSG Brasil Bengt Holst, IUCN/SSC CBSG Europe Layout and cover graphics: Mikkel Stelvig, Copenhagen Zoo A contribution of the Conservation Breeding Specialist Group. © Copyright CBSG 2006 Holst, B., E.P. Medici, O.J. Marino-Filho, D. Kleiman, K. Leus, A. Pissinatti, G. Vivekananda, J.D. Bal- lou, K. Traylor-Holzer, B. Raboy, F. Passos, K. Vleeschouwer and M.M. Montenegro (eds.). 2006. Lion Tamarin Population and Habitat Viability Assessment Workshop 2005, final report. IUCN/SSC Conservation Breeding Specialist Group, Apple Valley, MN, USA. Third Lion Tamarin Population and Habitat Viability Assessment (PHVA) Escola de Administração Fazendária (ESAF) Brasília, Distrito Federal, Brazil 7-11 June 2005 IUCN disclaimer: • with respect to content: IUCN encourages meetings, workshops and other fora for the consideration and analysis of issues related to conservation, and believes that reports of these meetings are most useful when broadly disseminated. The opinions and views expressed by the authors may not necessarily reflect the formal policies of IUCN, its Commissions, its Secretariat or its members. • with respect to geography: The designation of geographical entities in this book, and the presentation of the material, do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of IUCN concerning the legal status of any country, territory, or area, or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. Contents Executive Summary 4 Introduction 9 Species-based Working Group Reports 15 Golden Lion Tamarins 18 Golden-headed Lion Tamarins 34 Black Lion Tamarin 46 Black-faced Lion Tamarin 54 Topic-based Working Group Reports 61 Regional landscape planning, socioeconomic aspects and education 62 Metapopulation Management 67 Interinstitutional Cooperation and Communication 71 Modelling Report 75 Population Modelling Working Group 76 Golden Lion Tamarin Population Model 82 Golden-Headed Lion Tamarin Population Model 90 Black Lion Tamarin Population Model 108 Black-Faced Lion Tamarin Population Model 121 GIS Working Group Report 135 Recommended actions to improve the management of the captive Leontopithecus populations 141 List of Participants 143 References 149 IUCN Policy Statements 151 IUCN Technical Guidelines on the Management of Ex situ populations for Conservation 152 IUCN Guidelines for the Placement of Confiscated Animals 155 IUCN Position Statement on Translocation of Living Organisms 177 IUCN Policy Statement on Research Involving Species at Risk of Extinction 187 IUCN/SSC Guidelines for Reintroductions 188 Appendix I Appendix II Executive Summary The four endangered species of Lion Tamarins, the Golden Lion Tamarin (Leontopithecus rosalia), the Golden-headed Lion Tamarin (L. chrysomelas), the Black Lion Tamarin (L. chrysopygus) and the Black- faced Lion Tamarin (L. caissara) are endemic to the Atlantic Forest in eastern and southsouth-eastern Brazil. The Golden Lion Tamarin and the Golden-headed Lion Tamarin are both listed as “Endangered” in the IUCN Red List, and the Black Lion Tamarin and the Black-faced Lion Tamarin as Critically Endangered. Deforestation, hunting and commerce have caused their Lion Tamarin populations to decline drastically over the last half century, bringing at least the Golden Lion Tamarin close to extinction in the late 1960’s. National and international efforts, including captive breeding, turned this halted this decline and saved the species from going extinct in the wild. Current population estimates are ~1.400 Golden Lion Tamarins (GLTs), 6.000-15.000 Golden-headed Lion Tamarins (GHLTs), ~1.500 Black Lion Tamarins (BLTs) and ~350 Black-faced Lion Tamarins (BFLTs). Populations of the GLT and BLT are highly fragmented with a majority of animals in protected areas (Poço das Antas and União Biological Reserves in the state of Rio de Janeiro and Morro do Diabo State Park in the state of São Paulo, respectively). Both species have been supported by reintroduction and translocation programmes, and known populations are monitored closely. Less fragmented is the population of GHLTs, located in and around Una Biological Reserve in the state of Bahia. The distribution and status of the BFLTs are less well known due to the fact that they were only discovered in 1990. However, the majority obviously exist in the protected Superaguï National Park in Paraná State. Recently the species was also discovered on the mainland, and surveys have been initiated to identify the distribution of that population. All four species are currently the subject of intensive conservation programmes that, depending on the species, have included scientific global management of captive populations (GLT, GHLT and BLT), studies on the ecology, behaviour and genetics of wild populations (all species), translocation of threatened wild groups (GLT, BLT), habitat restoration (GLT, GHLT and BLT), local conservation education programmes (all species) and reintroduction of captive born individuals to natural forest (GLT and BLT). Since 1991, all captive populations of Lion Tamarins belong are owned by the Brazilian Government (IBAMA). Since, 2000 a single International Committee for Conservation and Management (ICCM) covering all four species advices the Brazilian government (IBAMA) on the research and conservation activities for the four species. This committee was preceded by management committees for each species, initiated in the early 1990’s. The present captive population counts 450 GLTs, 524 GHLTs and 82 BLTs worldwide. This is the third PHVA for Lion Tamarins. The first, held in 1990, was organised jointly by the Fundacão Biodiversitas, Belo Horizonte, and CBSG (Seal, U., Ballou, J.D. and Padua, C.V. 1990). The workshop served to focus the community of researchers, conservation biologists, reserve managers and administrators, and educators on the numerous conservation problems facing Lion Tamarins. The workshop resulted in the development of recovery plans and the establishment of the first formal Brazilian International Recovery and Management Committees (IRMC) for the 4 species of Lion Tamarins. By 1996, most of the action items in the first action plan had been implemented, and a second PHVA workshop was conducted in 1997 upon the recommendations of the four IRMCs during their 1996 annual meetings in Brazil (Ballou, J.D., Lacy, R.C., Kleiman, D., Rylands, A & Ellis, S. 1998). The PHVA was preceded by a Lion Tamarin symposium which integrated and synthesized all of the current information on the 4 species’ biology and the history of their conservation (Kleiman, D.G. and Rylands, A.B., 2002). Once again, Fundacão Biodiversitas offered to host the workshop in Belo Horizonte, and CBSG volunteered to facilitate. The objectives of this second PHVA were to evaluate the current status and threats facing the Lion Tamarin species, and recommend and set priorities for conservation strategies to address existing problems. The workshop resulted in a new conservation action plan for the four species of Lion Tamarins. The recommendations from the workshop focused on three fundamental issues: • Conservation of Lion Tamarins must proceed within a metapopulation context, including the captive populations where such are available, to maximize both the viability of Lion Tamarin populations and the conservation of habitat. • Existing protected areas need to be maximally utilized, managed and safeguarded, with threats removed where they exist. • Viable Lion Tamarin populations must be reconciled with the needs of the people sharing the Atlantic forests of Brazil and the resource limitations of those involved with the conservation of these species and habitat. 4 Final Report - Lion Tamarin PHVA Workshop 2005 By 2004, most action steps from the first two workshops had been implemented, and Lion Tamarin recovery programs were considered some of the most progressive conservation programmes in the world. It was thus decided during the 2004 annual ICCM meeting to conduct a third PHVA workshop in 2005 to push conservation efforts even further. IBAMA offered to host the workshop in Brasília, Distrito Federal, Brazil, and CBSG Brasil and CBSG Europe volunteered to facilitate. The workshop was held from 7 to 11 June at Escola de Administração Fazendária (ESAF), Brasília, Distrito Federal, Brazil, and was followed on 13-14 June by the annual meeting of the ICCM. The objectives of this third PHVA were to evaluate the implementation status of the existing conservation action plans for the four species, the current status and threats facing the species and, based on that, to set new priorities for conservation strategies to address problems that may exist. Fortunately AMLD (The Golden Lion Tamarin Association) had developed new conservation action plans for the Golden Lion Tamarins through a strategic planning process, and IPE had developed new conservation