The Identification of Heritage Quarries Minerals Safeguarding DPD Evidence Report November 2016 Local Plans Acknowledgement Cornwall Council would like to thank Professor Colin Bristow for his very significant contribution to the information in this evidence report. Without his geological expertise and knowledge of the building stones of Cornwall, this report would not have been possible. His enthusiasm to share his knowledge, especially to inform planning policy to “safeguard” Cornwall’s important stone resources is admirable. The Identification of Heritage Quarries Minerals Safeguarding DPD Evidence Report 2 November 2016. Executive summary ............................................................... 10 Part 1: Overview and Geology ............................................... 11 Background ................................................................................ 11 Review of earlier research and publications ............................... 11 Conservation and abandoned pits and quarries .......................... 12 Methodology ............................................................................... 14 Study Findings ............................................................................ 15 The Geological Background to Cornish Building Materials ........... 19 Types of Extractive Activity ........................................................ 23 Building Stones that Have Been Worked in Cornwall .................. 24 Granitic rocks ........................................................................................ 25 Elvans .................................................................................................. 28 Greenstones .......................................................................................... 33 Slates ................................................................................................... 35 Sandstones ........................................................................................... 36 Other stones ......................................................................................... 38 Part 2: Building Stones of Cornwall ....................................... 41 Heritage Quarry Assessments ..................................................... 41 Elvans and Flows ........................................................................ 42 Pentewan Quarries (Elvan1) .................................................................... 42 Newham Quarry (Elvan2) ........................................................................ 47 Tremore quarries (Elvan3) ...................................................................... 51 Treveddoe Quarries (Elvan 4) .................................................................. 56 Brannel Quarry (Elvan5) ......................................................................... 57 Polgooth, Treloweth and Hewaswater Quarries (Elvan6) .............................. 59 Penrice Woods Quarry (Elvan7) ............................................................... 61 Quarries at Castle Gotha Crossroads (Elvan8) ........................................... 63 St Kew Quarry (Elvan9) .......................................................................... 65 Watergate Quarry (Elvan10) ................................................................... 67 Granites ...................................................................................... 69 Bodmin Moor Granite Quarries (De Lank and Hantergantick (Granite1) ......... 69 Carnmenellis Granite Quarries (Granite2) .................................................. 73 Granite 2a: Kessel Downs Quarry ......................................................... 73 Granite 2b: Chywoon and Carnsew Quarries .......................................... 73 Granite 2c: Trenoweth Quarry .............................................................. 74 Granite 2d: Trannack Quarry ............................................................... 75 Granite 2e: Other Quarries in Mabe/Longdowns/Constantine Area ............ 76 All Granite 2 .......................................................................................... 77 Luxulyan Area Granite Quarries (Granite3) ................................................ 79 Granite 3a: Luxulyan Quarry (Tregarden Quarry) ................................... 79 Granite 3b: Carbean and Colcerrow Quarries.......................................... 81 All Granite 3 .......................................................................................... 81 Carn Grey Quarries (Granite4) ................................................................. 85 Nanpean, St Stephen and St Dennis area Quarries (Granite5) ..................... 89 Kit Hill Quarry (Granite6) ........................................................................ 93 Hingston Down Quarries (Granite7) .......................................................... 95 South East Bodmin Moor Quarries (Granite8) ............................................ 97 Granite 8a: Cheesewring Quarry and Gold Diggings Quarries ................... 97 The Identification of Heritage Quarries Minerals Safeguarding DPD Evidence Report 3 November 2016. Granite 8b: Notes on Kilmar Tor and Bearah Tor Quarry ........................ 100 Tregoning Hill Granite Quarries: Tolmennor and Gluyas (Granite9) ............. 101 Lands End Granite Quarries (Granite10) ................................................. 103 Granite10a: Lamorna Quarry ............................................................. 103 Granite10b: Notes on Castallack Quarry .............................................. 105 Granite10c: Notes on Sheffield Quarry ................................................ 106 Granite10d: Castle-an-Dinas Quarry ................................................... 108 Greenstones ............................................................................. 109 Cataclews Quarry (Greenstones1) .......................................................... 109 Polyphant Quarry (Greenstones2) .......................................................... 114 Duporth (Greenstones3) ....................................................................... 117 Tregongeeves Quarry (Greenstones4) .................................................... 119 Molingey Quarry (Greenstones5)............................................................ 121 Tubbs Mill Quarry (Greenstones6) .......................................................... 122 Lean Quarry (Greenstones7) ................................................................. 124 Tintagel Greenstones (Greenstones8) ..................................................... 125 Greystone Quarry (Greenstones9) .......................................................... 127 Blackhill Quarry (Greenstones10) ........................................................... 129 West of England (Porthoustock) Quarry (Greenstones11) .......................... 131 Dean Quarry (Greenstones12) ............................................................... 134 Serpentine Quarries (including Gwendreath) (Greenstones13) ................... 136 Countybridge and Trevassack Quarries (Greenstones14) ........................... 141 Sandstones ............................................................................... 143 Pigsdon, Cansford and Herdbury Quarries (Sandstone1) ........................... 143 Pigsdon Quarry (Sandstone 1a) .......................................................... 143 Cansford Quarry (Sandstone 1b) ........................................................ 146 Herdbury Quarry (Sandstone 1c) ........................................................ 147 All Quarries ...................................................................................... 148 Tredinnick Quarry (Grampound) (Sandstone2) ........................................ 149 Sandrock – no specific quarry (Sandstone3) ............................................ 153 Slates ....................................................................................... 156 Delabole Quarry (Slate1) ...................................................................... 156 Tintagel Slate Quarries (Slate 2) ............................................................ 159 Slate 2a: Trevillet Quarry .................................................................. 159 Slate 2b: Tintagel cliffs (SX 050/870 – SX 053/887) ............................. 161 Slate 2c: Trecarne Quarry (SX 069/847 – 2 sites)................................. 162 Slate 2d: Tynes and Merrifield quarries (SX 045/819) ........................... 162 Slate 2e: Trebarwith Road Rustic Quarry (SX 069/850) ......................... 163 St Issey Slate Quarries (Slate3) ............................................................. 164 Slate 3a: Tredinnick (St Issey) Quarry ................................................ 164 Slate 3b: Cannalidgey Quarry (SX 938/700) ........................................ 167 Slate 3c: Kestle quarry ...................................................................... 168 Callywith Quarry (Slate4) ...................................................................... 168 South East Cornwall Slate Quarries (Slate5) ............................................ 171 Slate5a: Westwood Quarry ................................................................ 171 Slate 5b: Lantoom Quarry ................................................................. 172 Both Quarries ................................................................................... 172 Slate 5c: Carnglaze slate caverns, near