INDIAN COMMUNITY HERITAGE : CASE STUDY OF SOI 3 (NANA) SUKHUMVIT ROAD. By Ms. Prisana MUNPAO A Thesis Submitted in partial Fulfillment of Requirements for Doctor of Philosophy (Architectural Heritage Management and Tourism) International Program Graduate School, Silpakorn University Academic Year 2017 Copyright of Graduate School, Silpakorn University - โดย Ms.Prisana MUNPAO วทิ ยานิพนธ์น้ีเป็นส่วนหน่ึงของการศึกษาตามหลกั สูตรปรัชญาดุษฎีบณั ฑิต สาขาวิชาArchitectural Heritage Management and Tourism Plan 2.2 บัณฑิตวิทยาลัย มหาวิทยาลัยศิลปากร ปีการศึกษา 2560 ลิขสิทธ์ิของบณั ฑิตวทิ ยาลยั มหาวิทยาลัยศิลปากร INDIAN COMMUNITY HERITAGE : CASE STUDY OF SOI 3 (NANA) SUKHUMVIT ROAD. By Ms. Prisana MUNPAO A Thesis Submitted in partial Fulfillment of Requirements for Doctor of Philosophy (Architectural Heritage Management and Tourism) International Program Graduate School, Silpakorn University Academic Year 2017 Copyright of Graduate School, Silpakorn University 4 Title Indian Community Heritage : Case Study of Soi 3 (Nana) Sukhumvit Road. By Prisana MUNPAO Field of Study (Architectural Heritage Management and Tourism) International Program Advisor Ross James King Architecture Silpakorn University in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Doctor of Philosophy Dean of graduate school (Assoc. Prof. Panjai Tantatsanawong, Ph.D.) Approved by Chair person (Associate Professor Chaisit Dankitikul , Ph.D.) Advisor (Professor Ross James King ) External Examiner (Professor Emeritus Ornsiri Panin ) D ABST RACT 55056954 : Major (Architectural Heritage Management and Tourism) International Program Keyword : INDIANS NANA SUKHUMVIT COMMUNITY HERITAGE TOURISM MS. PRISANA MUNPAO : INDIAN COMMUNITY HERITAGE : CASE STUDY OF SOI 3 (NANA) SUKHUMVIT ROAD. THESIS ADVISOR : PROFESSOR ROSS JAMES KING 55056954: MAJOR: ARCHITECTURAL HERITAGE MANAGEMENT AND TOURISM PRISANA MUNPAO: INDIAN COMMUNITY HERITAGE: A CASE STUDY OF SOI 3 (NANA) ON SUKHUMVIT ROAD, BANGKOK. THESIS ADVISOR: PROFESSOR ROSS JAMES KING, Ph.D 105 pp Four objectives of this study were (1) to study the background to the Indian migration to Thailand, (2) to study the history of the Nana Indian commercial community, (3) to observe that community in its interactions with the diverse cultures of the tourists to the Nana district as well as with the host culture (Thai, Burmese, Thai-Lao) and (4) to seek explanations for the observable phenomena of in the Nana precinct. The first result highlighted the freedom granted by Britain which allowed Indian to escape the religious conflict prevalent within their region in the 1940s. Many Indians moved to Thailand, then others had no choice but to follow their parents in the move. Thailand was a relatively peaceful place where foreigners could find work and own a business. The second result indicated that Pahurat and Sampeng were congested and that led the Indians to move into the Nana enclave after Sukhumvit road was completed in 1950. The Indians focused on tailor shops, Indian restaurants and mixed shops to Western visitors, wealthy Thais, Middle Easterners, and more lately East Asian tourists. The third revealed Thai, Burmese, Thai-Lao and Indians having maintained their cultural heritage from their ancestors such as in careers, costumes, languages, architecture, and food. In relation to the fourth objective, the Nana precinct was interpreted as (1) spectacle, (2) unity in diversity, (3) commoditization, (4) political economy and (5) hedonistic and medical tourism. E ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS Firstly, I would like to express my gratitude and sincere thanks to my advisor, Professor Ross James King. This dissertation would not have been completed, without his encouragement, critical comments and suggestions. His patience and academic skill are exceptional and inspire me to achieve an academic success. While at Silpakorn University, I have received a lot of knowledge and experiences from various recognized teachers including Professor Ken Taylor, Dr. Donald Ellsmore, Professor William Chapman, Professor Dr. Corazon Catibog-Sinha and Professor Russel Staiff. I would like to say “Thank you” go to Ph.D friends for their mental supports and assistances. I would like to express my thankfulness to Suan Dusit University for the financial support, and to my colleagues at my workplace for their concern assistance. Finally, I would like to thank everyone for being there and always supportive unconditionally throughout the period of my study. Prisana MUNPAO F TABLE OF CONTENTS Page ABSTRACT .................................................................................................................. D ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS .......................................................................................... E TABLE OF CONTENTS ............................................................................................... F TABLE OF TABLES .................................................................................................... I TABLE OF FIGURES ................................................................................................... J Chapter 1 Introduction ................................................................................................... 1 The Indians in Bangkok ............................................................................................. 1 The Nana Precinct ...................................................................................................... 2 Research Questions .................................................................................................... 3 Research Approach .................................................................................................... 5 Research Methodology .............................................................................................. 5 Expected Benefits ...................................................................................................... 6 Outline of the Dissertation ......................................................................................... 7 Chapter 2 Literature Review .......................................................................................... 8 Culture ....................................................................................................................... 8 Heritage ...................................................................................................................... 9 Tourism .................................................................................................................... 11 Interpretation ............................................................................................................ 16 Nana Precinct and Related Researches .................................................................... 21 Chapter 3 The Indians in Bangkok .............................................................................. 24 Indians’ Migration to Thailand ................................................................................ 24 Religion .................................................................................................................... 30 Costume ................................................................................................................... 32 Architecture ............................................................................................................. 33 Food ......................................................................................................................... 34 G Language .................................................................................................................. 34 Education ................................................................................................................. 35 Career ....................................................................................................................... 35 Law .......................................................................................................................... 39 Chapter 4 The Nana Precinct ...................................................................................... 43 Sukhumvit Road History ......................................................................................... 44 Physical Nana Area .................................................................................................. 45 Giving its Name: “Nana” History ............................................................................ 46 Soi Nana in Bangkok ............................................................................................... 47 Nana as Authenticity ................................................................................................ 47 The Nana Commercial Community History ............................................................ 47 Chapter 5 Nana as a Tourist Realm ........................................................................... 54 Accommodation ....................................................................................................... 55 Tailor Shops ............................................................................................................. 56 Restaurants ............................................................................................................... 57 Shoe Shops ............................................................................................................... 58 Perfume Shops ........................................................................................................