NASA Contractor Report 188271 National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA)/American Society for Engineering Education (ASEE) Summer Faculty Fellowship Program - 1993 Volume 1 William A. Hyman, Editor Texas A&M University College Station, Texas Stanley H. Goldstein, Editor University Programs Office Lyndon B. Johnson Space Center Houston, Texas Grant NGT 44-001-800 National Aeronautics and Space Administration Lyndon B. Johnson Space Center 1993 Preface The 1993 Johnson Space Center (JSC) National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA)/American Society for Engineering Education (ASEE) Summer Faculty Fellowship Program was conducted by Texas A&M University and JSC. The program at JSC, as well as the programs as other NASA centers, was funded by the Office of University Affairs, NASA Headquarters, Washington, D.C. The objectives of the program, which began nationally in 1964 and at JSC in 1965, are , To further the professional knowledge of qualified engineering and science faculty members 2. To stimulate an exchange of ideas between participants and NASA , To enrich and refresh the research and teaching activities of participants' institutions 4. To contribute to the research objectives of the NASA centers Each faculty fellow spent at least 10 weeks at JSC engaged in a research project in collaboration with a NASA/JSC colleague. This document is a compilation of the final reports on the research projects done by the faculty fellows during the summer of 1993. Volume 1 contains reports 1 through 18 and Volume 2 contains reports 19 through 35. iii p_CliOING PACE BLANK NOT FILMED Contents Andrews, G. A.: "Data Analysis and Interpretation of Lunar Dust Exosphere" ..... 1-1 Barhorst, A. A.: "Modeling the Shuttle Remote Manipulator System - Another Flexible Model" ........................................................................................... 2-1 Barry, S. R.: "The Role of Visual Context in Manual Target Localization". ........... 3-1 Berry, F. C.: "Parallel Processing Methods for Space Based Power Systems" .... 4-1 Bethly-Betz, J. M.: "A Prototype to Automate the Video Subsystem Routing for the Video Distribution Subsystem of Space Station Freedom" ................... 5-1 Bishu, R. R., Bronkema, L.A.: "Investigation of Hand Capabilities Under a Variety of Performance Conditions and an Attempt to Explain Performance Differences". .......................................................................... 6-1 Blanford, G. E.: "Measuring Track Densities in Lunar Grains by Image Analysis: 7-1 Chang, T. H.: "Unified Approach for Incompressible Flows" ................................ 8-1 Cote, G. L.: "Non-invasive Optical Detection of Glucose in Cell Culture Nutrient Medium" ........................................................................................ 9-1 Field, S.W.: "A Geochemical Study of Acapulcoite and Lodranite Meteorites" ... 10-1 Figueroa, J. F.: "Loading, Electromyograph, and Motion During Exercise". ......... 11-1 Gantenbein, R. E.: "Failure Detection and Recovery in the Assembly/ Contingency Subsystem" ............................................................................ 12-1 Hunsucker, J. L.: "Integrated Risk Management" ................................................. 13-1 Hyman, L. M.: "Strategies for Recruiting Additional African Americans into the NASA JSC Summer Faculty Fellows Program" . ......................................... 14-1 Johnson, C. D.: "Image Remapping Strategies Applied as Protheses for the Visually Impaired" ....................................................................................... 15-1 Johnson, G. G.: "Near Surface Analysis" ............................................................. 16-1 Julien, H. L.: "Influence of Test Configuration on the Combustion Characteristics of Polymers as Ignition Sources" ....................................... 17-1 V pM&C,rlDING PA._£ P,LA,.'_iK NOT FILMED Contents (continued) Kacmar, C.J.: "Considerations Regarding the Deployment of Hypermedia at JSC". ................................................................................... 18-1 Volume 2 Lassiter, C. B.: "Design and Testing of a Unique Randomized Gravity, Continuous Flow Bioreactor" ...................................................................... 19-1 Magee, M.: "An Evaluation of Three-Dimensional Sensors for the Extravehicular Activity Helper/Retriever" .................................................... 20-1 Meade, A.J.: "Development of Programmable Artificial Neural Networks" .......... 21-1 Miles, G. E., Krom, K.J.: "Robotics in a Controlled, Ecological Life Support System" . ................................................................................. 22-1 Navard, S. E.: "Modelling Early Failures on Space Station Freedom" . ................ 23-1 Overmyer, S. P.: "A Comparative Evaluation Plan for the Maintenance, Inventory, and Logistics Planning (MILP) System Human-Computer Interface" ....................................................................... 24-1 Richmond, E. R.: "Modeling and Analysis of Selected Space Station Communications and Tracking Subsystems". ............................................. 25-1 Roberson, B. J., LeMay, C. S.: "Investigating Pryolysis/Incineration as a Method of Resource Recovery From Solid Waste" . ................................ 26-1 Rubin, M.: "Development of a Model to Assess Orthostatic Responses" ............. 27-1 Smith, D. L.: "Digital Data, Composite Video Multiplexer and Demultiplexer Boards for an IBM PC/AT Compatible Computer" ...................................... 28-1 Taylor, B.C.: "Evaluation of Bioimpedance for the Measurement of Physiologic Variables as Related to Hemodynamic Studies in Space Flight". ............... 29-1 Thompson, M. W.: "Conceptual Communications System Designs in the 25.5-27.5 and 37.0-40.5 Ghz Frequency Bands" ....................................... 30-1 Todd, B. A.: "Loading, Electromyograph, and Motion During Exercise" ............... 31-1 vi Contents (concluded) Watson, J. C.: "Modeling of the Ground-to-SSFMB Link Networking Features Using SPW" ................................................................................................ 32-1 Wilcox, L. M.: "Software Engineering Methodologies and Tools". ........................ 33-1 Williams, T.: "Space Station Flexible Dynamics Under Plume Impingement" ...... 34-1 Willis, J.W.: "A Multimedia Adult Literacy Package Combining NASA Technology Instructional Design Theory, and Authentic Literacy Concepts" ...................................................................................... 35-1 vii N94- 25349 DATA ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION OF LUNAR DUST EXOSPHERE Final Report NASA/ASEE Summer Faculty Fellowship Program--1993 Johnson Space Center Prepared By: George A. Andrews, Jr. Academic Rank: Assistant Professor of Physics University & Department: LeTourneau University Division of Natural Sciences Longview, Texas 75607 NASALISC Directorate: Space and Life Sciences Division: Solar System Exploration Branch: Space Science JSC Colleague: Andrew Potter, Ph.D. Date Submitted: August 13, 1993 Contract Number NGT-44-001-800 1-1 ABSTRACT The lunar horizon glow observed by Apollo astronauts and recorded during the Surveyor missions is believed to result from the scattering of sunlight off lunar fines suspended in a dust layer above the lunar surface. For scale heights of tens of kilometers, theory and astronaut's observations suggest that the size of the dust particles will be smaller than 0.1 microns in radius and will act as Rayleigh scatters. This means that the dust scattered light will be 100% polarized at a 90 degree scattering angle and will depend on wavelength to the inverse fourth power ("bluing"). Believing these signatures to be observable from ground based telescopes, observational data in the form of CCD images has been collected from McDonald Observatory's 36" telescope and the reduction and analysis of this data is the focus of the present report. 1-2 INTRODUCTION Evidence for electrically charged lunar fines above the moon's surface was recorded by the LEAM experiments conducted on the Moon [Berg et al., 1976]. In these experiments, charged particles were detected by three detectors with peak activity occurring with the passage of the daylight/dark terminator. In addition, Surveyor photographs taken at sunset [Rennilson and Criswell, 1974] and the I.,unokhod-2 detection of "lunar twilight" brightness [Severny at el., 1974], as well as observations sketched and reported by astronauts just before sunrise, provide powerful evidence for the existence of light- scattering dust particles in the vicinity of the terminator. If the scattering particles have a size that is smaller than about one sixth of the incident wavelength, the intensity of the scattered light depends on wavelength to the inverse fourth power and is classified as Rayleigh scattering. Hence, shorter wavelength (blue) light will be preferentially scattered. In addition, this light will be nearly 100% polarized when the moon is near first and third quarter with the degree of polarization decreasing with an increase or decrease of the moon's phase. This decrease in polarization is expected since an increase in phase corresponds to a decrease in the scattering angle between the incident and reflected rays. In this report, we summarize the results and analysis of observations taken at various wavelengths of light at four different lunar sites using the 36 inch reflecting telescope at the McDonald observatory. REDUCTION & ANALYSIS The Signal