WHOI..93-20 r;. '2 Woods Hole . Oceanographic Institution . Integrated S~eawaterSamplerand Data Acquisition System Prototype: FinalReport . by H.O.Berteaux, c.. Eck,J.lrish, W.Jenkins,S. Kery lIl/oods Hole Oceanograpi'7icand Institution . C.Albroand S. McDowell Battelle Memoria/Institute.. April H~93 Technical'Repor~. Funding waspro"ided by the ,National Science Foundation through.. Grant /NO. OCE8821977. Approvedfo;"publîc release; distribution unlimited. WHOI-93-20 Integrated Seawater Sampler and Data Acquisition System Prototye: Final Report by H.O. Berteaux, C. Eck, J. Irish, W. Jenkins, S. Kery Woods Hole Oceanogrphic Institution and C. Albro and S. McDowell Battelle Memorial Institute Woods Hole Oceanogrphic Institution Woods Hole, Massachusetts 0254'3 April 1993 Techncal Report Funding was provided by the National Science Foundation through Grant No. OCE8821977. Reproduction in whole or in par is permitted for any purpose of the United States Government. This report should be cited as Woods Hole Oceanog. Inst. Tech. Rept., WHOI-93-20. - .l i- Approved for public release; distribution unlimited. ru i- (..~~ ~-=r" cO Approved for Distribution: 3: CI \'\,~'V ;' Y\\'" ::_ CI 't\,("C'0 r,'OS" ~~ç,':~~\ "f:; 0 / :iID--CI ,. V \j:i' \0çJ'è\" , =ni ù~\.10 ..~\\;~ / CI ",:.S~. '\ \ '-;-Sv,;.K\) ~ / / - CI CtUO,vL S..Î ~\\)\J / - GeÓrge V. Frisk, Chair Deparment of Applied Ocean Physics and Engineering " .(:i TABLE OF CONTENTS LIST OF FIGURES 4 LIST OF TABLES 6 ABSTRACT 7 INTRODUCTION . 8 Scientific Background .... 8 Technical Issues . 9 Operat;ionai Requirement;s of t;e WOCB Hydrographic Program 9 Physicai Oceanographic Considerat;ions ............. 10 Chemcai Tracer Considerat;ions . 12 Logist;ic Considerat;ions . 13 PROTPE WATER SAMPLER DESCRIPTION . 14 General Description . 14 Structural Assembly . ........ 16 Design Rat;ionaie .. .. 16 Basic Configurat;ion . 16 Fabricat;ion .......... 18 Seawater Acquisition Subsystem 18 Descript;ion of Wat;er Sampie Acquisit;ion 18 .Seawat;er Acquisit;ion Subsyst;em Hardware 22 Wat;er Sampie Transfer Syst;em . 28 CTD Data Acquisition Subsystem 30 Dat;a Ouaiit;y Requirement;s .... 30 Bot;t;om-Finding Alt;íiet;er .... 36 Control, Monitoring and Telemetry Subsystem 36- Syst;em Requirement;s ..... 37 Teiemet;ry ........... 38 Rot;ary Vaive and Pump Assembiy 47 Shipboard Cont;roi 48 TESTING AND EVALUATION . 53 Laboratory and Dockside Component Testing 53 Bag Nat;eriai Seiect;ion . 53 Laborat;ory Bag Test;ing . 54 Wat;er Acquisit;ion Subsyst;em Test;s .... 59 Wat;er Sampier Termai Veiocit;y 63 Test and Evaluation Cruises . 63 Shakedown Cruise . .". 63 Bvaiuat;ion Cruise, Leg 1 - Woods Hoie t;o Bermda. 65 Bvaiuat;ion Cruise, Leg 2 - Bermuda t;o Woods Hoie 72 Testing and Evaluation Results . ... 79 Underwat;er Unit; .... .. 79 Wat;er Acquisit;ion Syst;em . 79 CTD Syst;em . .. .... ..... 80 Coimicat;ion Syst;em . 80 Power Syst;em . .. 80 Alt;íiet;er ............ 80 Preparat;ion of sampie Bags 80 Generai Bvaiuat;ion . 85 Fiight; St;abiiit;y . 85 ~'. 2 NEW DONUT SEAL BAG DESIGN AND TESTING 87 New Seal Concept ...... 87 New Seal Testing ...... 87 Static Crackig Pressure Setup 87 Dynamc Crackig Pressure Setup .... 90 High Amient Pressure Opening Test Setup 90 Conal usions .................... 90 New Sample Confiration Concept (Differential Pressure) 96 ooNa~ro~ ......... 98 Achievements . 98 System Advantages . 101 Fuher R&D Applications . 101 REFERENCES 104 PROJECT PUBLICATIONS 104 APPENDICES 105 A: project Chronology . 105 Phase I (October 1, 1988 - May 31, 1989) 105 Phase II (August 1, 1989 - December 31, 1992) 108 B: SeaScan A1 timeter 112 SAIL control specification 112 Data CODland ........... 112 Control CODlands . 112 c;. Cruise Summar Logs .... 114 D: Handling and Deck Stowage System 115 Launch/Recovery and Stowage Subsystem 115 Motion Compensator . 121 Sazety Issues ...... 122 Deck Handling Control Unit 125 Winch Control Interlock ..... 126 Control Software . 126 DOCUMENTATION 132 A: Electronic Schematics (WHOI) . 132 B: Mechanical Drawings (Battelle) 133 c: Mechanical Drawings (WHOI) 134 :-~ 3 LIST OF FIGURES Figure 1: Schematic View of Underwater Unit 15 Figure 2: Operating Principle of Water Collection 20 Figure 3: Subsystems of Water Acquisition System . 21 Figure 4: Inlet Poppet Valve Assembly . 23 Figure 5: Cross-Sectional View of Water Sampler 24 Figure 6: Drawer with Water Sample Container . 25 Figure 7: Rotar Valve Assembly . 27 Figure 8: Water Acquisition Pumping System . 29 Figure 9: Water Sampler Extraction Probe . 31 Figure 10: Block Diagram of the COlland/Status Telemetry System. 39 Figure 11: Spectra Showing Energy Bands of CTD Signal .... 40 Figure 12: Block Diagram of Underwater Unit . 42 Figure 13: Block Diagram of Deck Unit . 44 Figure 14: SWIar Plots of Profile B Station OC29D002 ... 67 Figure 15: SW1ar Plots of Profile L - Station OC29D014 68 Figure 16: 200 lIeter Profile of Station OC29D002, Fig. 14 . 74 Figure 17: Detailed 200 meter profile of Station OC29D014, Fig. 16 75 Figure 18: Relationship of Evacuation Pressure to Water Leakage . 81 Figure 19: Reduction in Voltage as a Function of Pumping Time. 82 Figure 20: Altimeter Reading Versus Calculated Height . 83 Figure 21 : Del ta Altimeter Reading from the Calculated Mean Height 84 Figure 22: Donut Seal Concept . 88 Figure 23: Test Setup for Determining · Static. crackig Pressure . 89 Figure 24: Test Setup for Determing · Dynamc. Crackig Pressure . 91 Figure 25: Examples of Dynamc Crackig Pressure Test Setup Resul ts 92 Figure 26: Sample Differential Profiles . 97 Figure A-1: Underwater Unit Conceptual Design . 107 Figure D-1: Handling and Deck Stowage System . 116 Figure D-2: Launch/Recovery Stowage System . 118 Figure D-3: Hydraulic Control for Launch/Recovery Handling System . 119 , ~ 4 Figure D-4: 4-Step operation for Launch/Recovery of Underwater Unit 120 Figure D-5: Notion Compensator Conceptuai Design . 123 Figure D-6: Veiocity With and Without Notion Compensator . 124 Figure D-7: Notion Compensator Siock Diagram . 127 Figure D-8: Deck Handiing Controi Unit . 128 Figure D-9: Winch Controi Interiock Siock Diagram . 129 .. 5 LIST OF TABLES Table 1: WOCE Requirement:s Íor CTD-Sensors . 32 Table 2: CTD Dat:a Rat:es 32 Table 3: At:t:enuat:ion OÍ UNOLS St:andard Cable Versus Frequency 33 Table 4: CTD Power Requirement:s 34 Table 5: Di-Bit: Phase Represent:at:ion 43 Table 6: Requirement:s Íor WOCE Wat:er Sampler 5 6 Table 7: Maxim Cont:amat:ion Levels Allowable on WOCE Wat:er Samples 57 Table 8: Result:s oÍ 1aborat:ory t:est:s t:o det:erme helium loss t:hrough seams oÍ t:ri-1amat:e wat:er sample cont:ainers . 60 Table 9: Physical Dimensions oÍ Sample Cont:ainers Used Íor Nut:rient: Test:s 60 Table 10: Laborat:ory Result:s oÍ Nut:rient: Measurement:s in t:he Pacliic 61 Table 11 : Errors in Sample Comparison List:ed in Table 10 61 Table 12: Cruise 219 NSF Wat:er Sampler Cast: Log, Cast: B 70 Table 13 : Alt:imet:er Result:s oÍ Cast: B . 71 Table 14: Cruise 219 NSF Wat:er Sampler Cast: Log, Cast: L 77 Table 15: Al t:imet:er Resul t:s oÍ Cast: L 78 Table 16: Bag Leakage Art:er Pressure Cycling 93 Table 17: Room Temperat:ure Crackig Test:s . 95 Table 18: Cold Crackig Test:s . 95 Table 19: Test:s on t:hirt:een Íu11 size bags . 96 6 INTEGRAED SEAWATER SAMPLER AND DATA ACQUISITION SYSTEM PROTOTPE: FINAL REPORT by B.D. Berteaux, C. Eck, J. Irish, W. Jenkins, S. Kery Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution and C. Albro and S. McDowell Battelle Memorial Institute ABSTRACT This report documents the work performed by the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution (WHOI) and the Battelle Memorial Institute from August 1988 to December 1992 in the NSF sponsored development of an Integrated Seawater Sampler and Data Acquisition Prototype. After a 6-month initial design study, a prototype underwater profiling unit was designed and constructed, containing the water acquisition subsystem, CTD and altimeter, control circuitry and batteries. A standard WHOI CTD was adapted for use in the underwater unit and was interfaced to the underwater controller which had a telemetry module connecting it with a deck control unit. This enabled CTD data to be logged in normal fashion on shipboard while additional commands and diagnostics were sent over the telemetry link to command the underwater unit's water sampling process and receive diagnostic information on system performance. ~he water sampling subsystem consisted of 36 trays, each containing a plastic sample bag, the pump and control circ~itry. The sample bags, initially sealed in a chemically clean environment, were opened by pumping the water out of the tray, thus forcing water into the bag by amient pressure. The command system could select any bag, and control the water sampling process from the surface with diagnostic information on system altitude, depth, orientation and cable tension displayed in real time for operator information. At sea tests confirmed the operation of the electrical and control system. Problems were encountered with the bags and seals which were partially solved by further post cruise efforts. However, the bag closing mechanism requires further development, and numerous small system improvements identified during the cruises need to be implemented to produce an operational water sampler. Finally, initial design for a water sampler handling and storage unit and water extraction system were developed but not implemented. The detailed discussion of the prototype water sampler design, testing and evaluation, and new bag testing results are presented. 7 INTRODUCTION Scientific Background Back in the days of the METEOR Atlantic Expedition (1925 to 1927) and the International Geophysical Year (IGY) survey of the Atlantic (1957 to 1959), hydrographic investigations were conducted using discrete, small-volume water samplers and reversing thermometers. Temperature, salinity, and pressure measurements typically were obtained from a limited number (say 10 to 25) of "standard" levels at each station.