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The original document from which this microfiche has been prepared has these imperfections: missing pages/ Wt<?> 1 | wrong pagination overall printing quality *. p*^eA C«A~. | I combinations of the above __ INIS Clearinghouse I I other IAEA P. 0. Box 100 A-1400, Vienna, Austria INIS-mf--11305 Ninth National Conference of the South African Section of the PRI 22nd & 23rd October 1987 Indaba Conference Centre, Witkoppen Johannesburg INDEX Cl From the Sudan to Angola, a review of the Rubber Industry in the other Africa. H Werhoning Polysar. C? The added value of Total Quality Control. 1. Applehy OuPont.. C3 Oxidative ageing of SBR vulcanisat.es. H Roebuck Monsanto. C4 Recycling of domestic and Industrial plastic was H Breiting Pretoria Technicon. Cb Urethane Prepolymer Hybrids. B Becker National Urethane Ind. C6 Raytec Reactive Elastomer. H Kletman Bayer. (77 Urethanes in motor vehicles, a suppliers view. C Groom Industrial Urethanes. C8 MDI based Urethane foams in motor vehicles, an end users view. D Taylor Nissan Motor Company. C9 Applications for cast Urethanes in mining. E Hagen Uniroyal. CIO N<-I.wnrk wll.li filler l.o ralihi-r ImndM anil Mil |itiyiil<-ul properlICH. S Wolff Degussa. Cll Karbochems carbon/rubber masterbatching project. A Mclver Karbochem. Cl? The study of the evolution of rubber extruders from 18R0. M Iddon Iddon Bros. C1.1 Coated ultrafine precipitated Calcium Carbonate,a filler or an effect additive? D Cornwall ICI. C14 Reinforcement of elastomers and thermoplastics uning Kevlar short fibres. T Donkln DuPont. CIS Problems associated with rubbers and plastics in mining cables. T Page Rand Mines Ltd. C16 Conducting PVC compounds for explosive handling areas and High Tech environments. L Bloom PVC Compounders. C17 Optical Fibres In Telecommunlcat ;. J Franco temens. C1B Radiation effects on Polymers and Elastomers. D Badenhorst Atomic Energy Corp. Retreading Seminar. C19 Radiation crosslinked Polymers in the Building Industry. Keynote address. T A DuPlessis Iso-Ster. EJ Wagne r American Retreadors Ass. C20 The wear resistance of Polymers. R? The history and advantages of Quality Control and third Prof A Ball Univ. of Cape Town. party certification in retreadinR. J J Keuler S.A.B.S. Tear studies in Rubbers. Prof W McGill Univ. of Port Elizabeth The retreading of Radial Steel truck tyres. J Recht Goodyear Tyre Centre. Thermal analysis of Rubber, a challenge to conventional techniques. Todays state of the art in repairing metallic radial 0 Vorster Inst. of Polymer Tech. tyres. D Litterini Technical Rubber Co. C23 New rating techniques for processing aids. A Haverland DOG. (Hamburg). The retreading of Aircraft tyres, a very specialised aspect of retreading. C24 Pressure sensitive adhesives, a review of recent trends. C Andrews BTR Dunlop South Africa. A J Knott General Adhesives. 1)6 Tyre-tread compounding. C25 Silicone flame retardent foams. 0 Ortlepp Karbochem. J DuPlessis G.E.Silicones. The design of Steel-Radial truck tyres and the constraints C26 The relative Influence of silica and elastomer content that this places on the retreading process. on compound properties. J Barnard Firestone South Africa. .1 Tultz P.P.G. Ind. The need for correct rim fitment of pneumatic tyres. C27 Stabilisers for polymers. RSW Idris General tyre and rubber Co. P Grasiozi Ciba Geigy. Hydrogenatcri nltrlle rubber Tor improved durability of motor parts. R Reuffer Bayer. C29 Flexible containers for storage and transport of liquids. J Dorse BTR Dunlop. New concept for rubber linning in corrosion and abrasion protection. H W Renther Empro. C31 Uses of rubber liners in the mining industry. D Farnsworth Skega. Uses of polymers in the mining industry. B Hutchinson M.I.H. C 1.1 FROM THE SUDAN TO ANGOLA, A REVIEW OF THE RUBBER INDUSTRY IN THE OTHE R AFRICA 1. INTRODUCTION From Che Sudan to Angola, from Mauritania to Madagascar, there are at least 41 nations (excl. South Africa and the North African nations), seven semi- to-full y permanent wars, at 1 Past ono rrvolut ion or coup d 'e'tat pvery year and at least 450 Mio humans of every possible colour, creed and race. We have rvory itnn^iiwih 11* prob h«in <MI thin Hi nek Con I i nrnl : ITHH ion , f ntm m<, corruption, bureaucracy, aids, persecut ion, overpopulation, population explosion, and all this is not improved by the Cubans, Russians, Koreans, East Germans and all other development helpers, about 80,000 making themselves very comfortable in Africa. It comes as a pleasant surprise to find in thia continent a rubber consuming industry, more or less alive, but certainly nod kicking very much. This industry manages to consume in a year 40,000 tons rubber, 20,000 tons carbon black and about I,500 tons rubber chemicals, I invite you to have * look around the African Rubber Market. C 1.2 C 1.3 OIL RESISTANT RUBBER These 16 plants would indeed have enough capacity to produce enough tyros THE INDUSTRIALISATION METER to cover all of Africa's requirements would it not be for it series of shortcomings : The annual consumption of NBR rubber by a nation gives a very precise * No hard currency available to update and maintain equipment reading of the industrialization of that nation. properly. * Virtual impossibiiity ro expnrf exross rapacity f rmn nno r"unrry In / tllfl (t'Kl ••[.! I.V mil.u-,-1 I lll>. In fact only 3 nations in Black Africa use nitrile rubbers at all : * Frequent shutdown due to lack of raw materials (this will he Zimbabwe, Kenya and Zambia. The total of barely 60 tons gives you a very discussed at a later stage). clear idea where Black Africa ranks ! * No capital available to upgrade production from cross ply to radial, from tube to tubeless tyres, or even to maintain existing Israel will consume 10 times more than all of Black Africa, and a giant equipment decently. like the USA consumes 5B.OO0 tons per year. In my view the greater part of these 16 plant" is slowly but steadily being But lets look now at the big consumers of rubber in Black Africa : the tyre run down by the effect of these circumstances. Consequently these plants become a burden to the local economies • The eyres and tubes they produce plants. are costlier than the imported onen, are often sold in the local mnrVer below cost (for instance Ethiopia) and have a poor quality image with their local customers. Often quite deservedly ! 16 LITTLE TYRE PLANTS WENT MAKING TYRES IN AFRICA. THEY GOT IN TROUBLE FROM THE START. BUT ARE STILL MOSTLY THERE But tyre plants are «e**n by African government s as mani festat ions of the ever ongoing industrialization of their societies, second in importance nnly tn the breweries. They provide jobs for the workers and pos it i ons for With a car population of maximum 1 mio units. Black Africa has nevertheless one's friends. They are often the only sign of classical industrial 16 tyre plants to make tyres and tubes for these cars. production, are pictured on the local currency (Tanzania 10 Rh note) mid are frequently included on tours given tn visiting heads of state. It's a caftfi of too many plants, producing not enough. How many tyret do these 16 plants produce ? - I cannot give you a precise figure, but my What will be the future ? - Like most of Africa, these plants won't Hose guest is that the whole of Black Africa produce* 1*2 nio tyras par year, down, they will struggle through, hoping for the day when mstters improve 70 X passenger and 30 % truck tyres. This satisfies about 35 X of the local and when with the help of massive dosen of cash from rirh friends, they are need* The rest has to be imported.