Georgia Southern University Digital Commons@Georgia Southern Electronic Theses and Dissertations Graduate Studies, Jack N. Averitt College of Spring 2017 Design and Performance Analysis of Small Scale Horizontal Axis Wind Turbine for Nano Grid Application Md Mehedi Hasan Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.georgiasouthern.edu/etd Part of the Power and Energy Commons Recommended Citation Hasan, Md Mehedi, "Design and Performance Analysis of Small Scale Horizontal Axis Wind Turbine for Nano Grid Application" (2017). Electronic Theses and Dissertations. 1605. https://digitalcommons.georgiasouthern.edu/etd/1605 This thesis (open access) is brought to you for free and open access by the Graduate Studies, Jack N. Averitt College of at Digital Commons@Georgia Southern. It has been accepted for inclusion in Electronic Theses and Dissertations by an authorized administrator of Digital Commons@Georgia Southern. For more information, please contact [email protected]. DESIGN AND PERFORMANCE ANALYSIS OF SMALL SCALE HORIZONTAL AXIS WIND TURBINE FOR NANO GRID APPLICATION by MD MEHEDI HASAN (Under the Direction of Adel El Shahat) ABSTRACT Wind energy, being easily accessible, environmentally friendly, and cost effective, has become one of the world’s popular growing renewable energy sources of electricity generation. To spread this technology to mankind it is necessary to develop turbines in this way that people can use it individually and comfortably. This kind of thinking accelerates the advancement of integration of wind turbine with Nano grid concept. Although significant progress has been achieved in the wind technology, there is still scope to reduce the cost and improve the performance of small-scale wind turbines. Moreover, low wind velocity also needs to be utilized properly to achieve saturated energy production. So, concentration is going to small scale wind. Small scale wind energy systems such as Small Scale Horizontal Axis Wind Turbines (SSHAWT), and Vortex Blade-Less (VBL) wind generators can provide a clean, prospective and viable option for energy supply. Moreover, this energy consumption system can also be utilized as one of the reliable power sources of Nano grid. To design efficient wind technologies a smooth and continuous development process is required. The first part of the current study focused on the aerodynamic design and performance analysis of small-scale horizontal axis wind turbine blade using the blade element momentum (BEM) method with the most updated and corrected model. In this case, the blade was designed with a single airfoil. Results show that the maximum coefficient of performance is 0.446 at the tip speed ratio 6.5 which is very good indication in preliminary stage power prediction. The 2nd part of the study concentrated on improving blade performance by modifying the blade with a combination of three airfoils. After that, a comparative study was done between “Blade-Element-Momentum” (BEM) analysis and “Computational-Fluid- Dynamics” (CFD) analysis of mixed airfoil small-scale horizontal axis wind turbine blades. In CFD analysis, k-ω “Shear-Stress-Transport” (SST) model was conducted for three-dimensional visualization of turbine performance. The pitch is considered as fixed and rotor speed is variable for both of the studies. However, the best coefficient of performance was observed at 60 angle of attack. At this angle of attack, in the case of BEM, the highest coefficient of performance is 0.47 whereby CFD analysis, is 0.43. Both studies show good performance prediction which is a positive step to accelerate the continuous revolution in the wind energy sector. However, as an extension of continuous study on small-scale wind energy systems, the aim of the 3rd part is to investigate the possible extraction of power from wind energy by using new conceptual vortex bladeless wind generators. In this work, design parameters were selected based on the Von Karman effect. After that, a mathematical model was developed to get maximum lift force generated by the designed body. Finally, a complete model was recommended by fluid-structure interaction (FSI) simulation to get a clear idea of extracted vibration energy from vortex bladeless wind generator for further conversion to electricity generation. INDEX WORDS: Renewable energy, Wind energy, Wind turbine, Small scale, BEM, CFD, Vortex Bladeless, Von-Karman, FSI. DESIGN AND PERFORMANCE ANALYSIS OF SMALL-SCALE HORIZONTAL AXIS WIND TURBINE FOR NANO GRID APPLICATION by MD MEHEDI HASAN B. S., Khulna University of Engineering and Technology, Bangladesh, 2013 A Thesis Submitted to the Graduate Faculty of Georgia Southern University in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree MASTER OF SCIENCE STATESBORO, GEORGIA © 2017 MD MEHEDI HASAN All Rights Reserved 1 DESIGN AND PERFORMANCE ANALYSIS OF SMALL-SCALE HORIZONTAL AXIS WIND TURBINE FOR NANO GRID APPLICATION by MD MEHEDI HASAN Major Professor: Adel El Shahat Committee: Mohammad Ahad Rami Haddad Electronic Version Approved: May 2017 2 DEDICATION This thesis work is dedicated to my beloved parents, for their unwavering support and inspiration throughout my education life. Also, I would like to dedicate this work to my sister, for her constant support and encouragement. 3 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS First of all, I express my profound gratitude to my thesis supervisor, Dr. Adel El Shahat, Department of Electrical Engineering, Georgia Southern University for enlightening me about the utmost importance of small-scale wind energy. It was a pleasure to work with him and learn the different factors of research. I wish to express my heartiest thanks and a deep sense of gratitude to him for his deep insights, unequivocal and continuous guidance, valuable suggestions and encouragement in every stage of my progress. I also thank my parents and all family members and friends for their encouragement and love during my thesis work. Lastly, I express my gratitude to authors of all reference papers, books, and websites as mentioned in references section which is necessary for the research. 4 Table of Contents ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ............................................................................................................ 3 LIST OF FIGURES ........................................................................................................................ 7 LIST OF TABLES .......................................................................................................................... 9 LIST OF SYMBOLS .................................................................................................................... 10 CHAPTER 1 ................................................................................................................................. 12 INTRODUCTION ........................................................................................................................ 12 1.1 Background ......................................................................................................................... 12 1.2 Wind Energy History: ......................................................................................................... 18 1.3 Wind Turbine Theory ......................................................................................................... 22 1.3.1Wind Turbine ................................................................................................................ 22 1.3.2 Horizontal Axis Wind Turbine (HAWT) ..................................................................... 22 1.3.3 Vertical Axis Wind Turbine (VAWT) ......................................................................... 23 1.3.4 Comparison between HAWT and VAWT`.................................................................. 23 1.3.5 Small Scale Wind Turbine and Scope of Small Wind ................................................. 25 CHAPTER 2 ................................................................................................................................. 26 LITERATURE REVIEW ............................................................................................................. 26 2.1 Horizontal Axis Wind Turbine Blade Design Approach .................................................... 26 2.2 Blade Element Momentum (BEM) Analysis Development ............................................... 27 2.2.1Wake Correction: .......................................................................................................... 28 2.2.2 Stall Correction ............................................................................................................ 29 5 2.3 Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) Analysis of Wind Turbine Blade ......................... 30 2.4 Vortex Bladeless Wind Generator Concept Development ................................................. 32 CHAPTER 3 ................................................................................................................................. 35 METHODOLOGY ....................................................................................................................... 35 3.1 Basic Parts of SSHAWT: .................................................................................................... 35 3.3 SCHAWT Blade Design ..................................................................................................... 35 3.3.1 Rotor Diameter............................................................................................................