[Draft - Contact Widu for Final Version - November 2017]

[Draft - Contact Widu for Final Version - November 2017]

[DRAFT - CONTACT WIDU FOR FINAL VERSION - NOVEMBER 2017] BEHAVIORAL ECONOMICS APPROACH TO PERIMENOPAUSE, A LEARNING CULPABILITY OF WOMEN IN DEVELOPING NATIONS by Brenda Nelson-Porter, Neutral, ND, DM, MIT, BAS, AAS Copyright 2017 A Thesis Presented in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirement for the Degree International Doctor of Philosophy World Information Distribution University (WIDU) The Thesis Committee for Brenda Nelson-Porter, ND, DM certifies approval of the following thesis: BEHAVIORAL ECONOMICS APPROACH TO PERIMENOPAUSE, A LEARNING CULPABILITY OF WOMEN IN DEVELOPING NATIONS __________________________________________________ Grand Phd Eduard Everinov Chairman and Founder World Information Distribution University Date Approved: __________________________ 2017 iii ABSTRACT This mixed method novel clinical trial explored the selections of natural health remedies to approach perimenopause symptoms that impact the acquisition, comprehension, and transmission (ACT*ION) of knowledge in higher education settings. The cohort-reported clinical trial involved three phases: qualitative preliminary data, descriptive quantitative outcome data, and qualitative outcome data. African American perimenopausal women aged 20 to 40 responded to descriptive closed question on natural healthcare choices and open-ended questions about their experiences in an academic setting representing an empirical phenomenological approach to complete the clinical trial. Nutritional selections that were categorized across predictor subcategories to show common medical outcomes, which were validated by transitive or intransitive judgements, resulted in the emergence of three major themes: [CONTACT WIDU FOR FINAL VERSION] iv DEDICATION I dedicate this doctoral thesis to All Female Academic Learners around the world who are experiencing and coping with hormonal imbalances that negatively impact their lifestyle and educational endeavors. v ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS First, I acknowledge God for allowing me to pursue this journey and continue to study to show myself approved. For allowing me this opportunity, I would like to sincerely thank the World Information Distribution University (WIDU). I appreciate the support of Shana Philyaw of the United States and former research assistant for her support during this journey. I acknowledge the participants in my research and express my appreciation for sharing their experiences and beliefs. Finally, I would like to thank all those who provided words of encouragement and believed that I would one day become an International Scholar. vi TABLE OF CONTENTS Content Page List of Tables ................................................................................................................................ vii Chapter 1: Perimenopause: A Learning Culpability Introduction ...................................................1 Problem Statement/Decision Problem .................................................................................4 Purpose/Therapeutic Value Proposition Statements ............................................................8 Behaviorism v/s Rationalism Framework ..........................................................................12 Definition of Terms............................................................................................................16 Scope and Research Questions ..........................................................................................18 Summary ............................................................................................................................21 Chapter 2: Literature-Based Discovery: Factors Impacting the Acquisition of Knowledge .........22 Economic Sociocultural Conditions Impacting Learning Processes .................................24 Brain Association with Cognition and Learning ...............................................................29 Disorders Impacting Brain Functions Associated with Perimenopause ............................47 Genetic Functions Associated Hormones and Memories ..................................................54 Behaviors/Effects Associated with Natural Remedies ......................................................87 Conclusion .......................................................................................................................111 Chapter 3: Methodology: Instrument and Validity Measures......................................................120 Research Method and Design ..........................................................................................120 Research Questions ..........................................................................................................122 Instrumentation and Data Collection Methodology .........................................................123 Data Analysis Methodologies ..........................................................................................137 Validity ............................................................................................................................150 Summary ..........................................................................................................................153 Chapter 4: Findings: Major Themes ............................................................................................155 Limitations and Delimitations..........................................................................................156 African American Female Cohort ....................................................................................156 Cohort-Centered Consumption Report ............................................................................156 Concurrent and Intransitive Judgements ..........................................................................156 Cohort/Observer Reported Medical Endpoint .................................................................156 Chapter 5: Results and Recommendations ..................................................................................157 References ....................................................................................................................................158 Appendix A: Qualitative Instrument (Pre-Approach Questions).................................................196 Appendix B: Natural Healthcare Experimental Instrument (Actual Approach) ..........................197 Appendix C: Qualitative Instrument (Post-Approach Questions) ...............................................198 Appendix D: Electronic Instructions ...........................................................................................199 Appendix E: Informed Consent Form..........................................................................................202 Appendix F: Phone Call Log .......................................................................................................203 vii List of Tables Table 1 Dosha Predominance Classification of Symptoms of Menopause.................................... 3 Table 2 Cognition Increase Across the Menstrual Cycle ............................................................ 48 Table 3 Functions of Nutrients .................................................................................................... 86 Table 4 Descriptors of Brain Fog ................................................................................................ 91 Table 5 Natural Formulas for Cognition ................................................................................... 107 [OTHERS IN FINAL VERSION] 1 Chapter 1: Perimenopause: A Learning Culpability Introduction Hormonal imbalances derived from either ovarian failure or estrogen (estrone [E1], estradiol [E2], and estriol [E3]) deficiency have been found to impede the acquisition, comprehension, and transmission (ACT*ION) of knowledge when the interruption of the brain functions causes memory loss, confusion, and poor concentration (Greendale, Derby, & Maki, 2011; Luo, Li, Zhu, Ding, & Deng, 2013; Maki, Rich, & Rosenbaum, 2002; McCormick, 2013; Monteiro, Teixerira, & Calhau, 2014; Pinkerton, 2012). Some prior studies, however, have failed to conform that substantial cognitive change or decrements, short-term memory, episodic memory, visual working memory (WM), remembering, problem-solving, reasoning, natural language understanding, mental rotations, and decision-making are absolutely impacted by hormonal changes (Berent-Spillson, Persad, Love, Sowers, & Randolph et al., 2012; Henderson, 2008; Maki et al., 2002; Sommer, 1992). Episodic verbal memory, which processes involve verbal retrieval, encoding (forming new memories), consolidation, storage, and fluency based on mere sensations or personal experienced events, and WM (i.e., visual memory retention), which manipulates information, are rich in estrogen receptors (Berent-Spillson et al., 2012; Greendale et al., 2011; Mednick, Cai, Shuman, Anagnostaras, & Wixted, 2011; McKoon, Ratcliff, & Dell, 1986; Reas, Gimbel, Hales, & Brewer, 2011; Smith & Mizumori, 2006). Studies have concluded that the premenstrual phase has no effect on reaction time (RT) and reproductive hormones are not correlated to executive function and processing speed; however, few have shown that hormonal women experience slower choice RT or articulation because regional activation is correlated with levels of hormones, which differ in each hormonal phases, for verbal and not visual tasks (Berent-Spillson et al., 2012; Sommer, 1992). 2 Perimenopause (rajonivrutti), a condition resulting from the decline

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