2012 2010 CHANGE 2 5 01 00 5 2 2 0 0 0 2 0 0 2 2 5 0 Compiled and written by Pat Made 9 2 Edited by Loveness Jambaya Nyakujarah 5 9 1 The Southern African Gender Protocol Alliance vision is of a Alliance partners Coordinator region in which women and men are equal in all spheres. Gender Links The Alliance promotes and facilitates the creation of gender Constitutional and legal equity and equality through lobbying and advocacy towards Women in Law Southern Africa (WLSA) the achievement of the 28 targets of the SADC Protocol on Governance Gender and Development by 2015. Gender Links coordinates Women in Politics Support Unit (WiPSU) the work of the Alliance. Health, HIV and AIDS Southern Africa HIV and AIDS Information © Dissemination Service (SAfAIDS) Copyright Southern Africa Gender Protocol 2012 Barometer Care work - Zimbabwe Voluntary Services Overseas-Regional Aids ISBN: 978-0-9869880-0-4 Initiative South Africa Economic justice Gender Links Zimbabwe Women’s Resource Centre and 9 Derrick Avenue Network (ZWRCN) Cyrildene, 2198 Peace and security Johannesburg, South Africa Institute of Security Studies (ISS) Phone: 27 (11) 622 2877 Angola Fax: 27 (11) 622 4732 Platforma da Mulheres Accao (PMA) Email: [email protected] Botswana Websites: www.genderlinks.org.za Botswana Council of NGO's (BOCONGO) www.sadcgenderprotocol.org DRC Union Congolaise des Femmes des Medias Compiled and written by Pat Made (UCOFEM) Editor: Loveness Jambaya Nyakujarah Lesotho Front cover: Gweru COE verification, Zimbabwe Women in Law Southern Africa (WLSA - Lesotho) Photo by Colleen Lowe Morna Madagascar Design/Layout: Stride Graphics (Pty) Limited FPFE (Fédération Pour la Promotion Féminine et Enfantine) Unless otherwise specified, all tables and figures © NGO Gender Coordination Network Gender Links. Mauritius MWO (Media Watch Organisation) UN Women is the United Nations organisation dedicated to gender Mozambique equality and the empowerment of women. A global champion for Forum Mulher women and girls, UN Women was established to accelerate progress Namibia on meeting their rights worldwide. Namibia Non Governmental Organisations Forum (NANGOF) UN Women supports United Nations Member States as they set Seychelles global standards for achieving gender equality, and works with GEMPLUS governments and civil society to design laws, policies, programmes Swaziland and services needed to implement these standards. It stands behind Swaziland Action Group Against Abuse women's equal participation in all aspects of life, focusing on five Tanzania priority areas: increasing women's leadership and participation; Coordinating Assembly of NGOs ending violence against women; engaging women in all aspects of Tanzania Gender Networking Programme peace and security processes; enhancing women's economic (TGNP) empowerment; and making gender equality central to national Zambia development planning and budgeting. UN Women also coordinates Women in Law Southern Africa (WLSA) - and promotes the United Nations system's work in advancing gender Zambia equality. Zimbabwe Women's Coalition Faith Based Organisations The views expressed in this publication are those of the authors and Fellowship of Christian Councils in do not necessarily represent the views of UN Women, the United Southern Africa (FOCCISA) Nations or any of its affiliated organisations. The boundaries and Men’s groups names shown and the designations used on the maps in this report Sonke Gender Justice do not imply official endorsement or acceptance by the United Nations. Contents Acronyms 2 List of tables and figures 3 Acknowledgements 4 Executive summary 5 Country context 9 CHAPTER CONSTITUTIONAL AND LEGAL RIGHTS 13 1 Articles 4-11 CHAPTER GENDER AND GOVERNANCE 31 2 Articles 12-13 CHAPTER EDUCATION AND TRAINING 43 3 Article 14 CHAPTER ECONOMIC JUSTICE 53 4 Articles 15-19 CHAPTER GENDER BASED VIOLENCE 65 5 Articles 20-25 CHAPTER HEALTH 73 6 Article 26 CHAPTER HIV AND AIDS 81 7 Article 27 CHAPTER PEACE BUILDING AND CONFLICT RESOLUTION 89 8 Article 28 MEDIA, INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION 95 CHAPTER 9 Articles 29-31 CHAPTER IMPLEMENTATION 103 10 Article 32-36 Acronyms ADVC Anti-Domestic Violence Council ART Anti-Retroviral Therapy CEDAW Convention on the Elimination of all forms of Discrimination against Women CDU Curriculum Development Unit DFID Department for International Development DVA Domestic Violence Act FAMWZ Federation of Media Women - Zimbabwe FAWE Federation of African Women Educationists GBV Gender-based Violence GEPMI Gender-Responsive Economic Planning and Management Initiative GL Gender Links GRB Gender-Responsive Budget MISA Media Institute of Southern Africa MOESC Ministry of Education, Sports, Art and Culture MOWAGCD Ministry of Women Affairs, Gender and Community Development MTP Medium-Term Plan MMPZ Media Monitoring Project Zimbabwe NAC National Aids Council NGO'sNGO’s Non-Governmental Organizations OVC Orphans and Vulnerable Children PMTCT Prevention of Mother to Child Transmission SADC Southern African Development Community SEDCO Small Enterprises Development Cooperation SME Small to Medium Enterprises UCAZ Urban Councils Zimbabwe UNFPA United Nations Population Fund UNICEF United Nations Children's Educational Fund UN Women United Nations Entity for Gender Equality and the Empowerment of Women UPR Universal Periodic Review WCoZ Women's Coalition of Zimbabwe WILSA Women in Law Southern Africa WIPSU Women in Politics Support Unit ZDHS Zimbabwe Demographic and Health Survey ZWLA Zimbabwe Women Lawyers Association ZWRCN Zimbabwe Women's Resource Centre and Network 2 SADC Gender Protocol 2012 Barometer • Zimbabwe Tables Figures Chapter 1 Chapter 2 1.1 Women's and men's perceptions of constitutional and legal 2.1 Women in political decision-making 36 rights 14 2.2 Women in parliament, cabinet and local government 37 1.2 How group of 20 demands align to the SADC Gender Protocol 17 2.3 Women in parliament in SADC -2005 to 2012 37 1.3 Analysis of gender equality clauses in Constitution 18 2.4 Proportion of women and men in local government 38 1.4 Remaining discriminatory legislation 19 2.5 Women in cabinet in SADC: 2009-2012 39 1.5 Marriage and family laws; the boy and girl child 25 2.6 Women and men decision-makers in the public service sector 39 Chapter 2 Chapter 3 2.1 SGDI and CSC score for governance sector 31 3.1 Literacy levels of women and men 45 2.2 Gender in political party manifestos 2009 36 3.2 Proportion of girls and boys in primary schools 45 2.3 Candidates fielded at national level -2008 elections 36 3.3 Proportion of girls and boys in secondary school 46 2.4 Candidates fielded at local level-2008 elections 36 3.4 Proportion of women and men in tertiary education 47 2.5 Breakdown of women and men in the parliament 37 3.5 Proportion of women and me teachers 48 2.6 Global and regional ranking of women parliamentarians 38 Chapter 4 2.7 Women and men in the public service 40 4.1 Women in economic decision-making in SADC 55 2.8 Women and men in the judiciary 40 4.2 Women in decision-making in SADC countries -2009-2012 55 Chapter 3 4.3 Labour-force participation of women and men 62 3.1 SGDI and CSC on education 44 Chapter 6 3.2 Access and enrolment in the Education sector 45 6.1 Contraceptive usage 76 Chapter 4 Chapter 7 4.1 SGDI and CSC scores for productive resources and employment, 7.1 Percentage population infected with HIV 83 economic empowerment 54 7.2 Proportion of women and men living with HIV 84 4.2 Women and men in economic decision-making in Zimbabwe 56 7.3 Percentage of pregnant women living with HIV on PMTC 86 4.3 Ministries with allocations for gender mainstreaming in the Chapter 8 2012 National Budget 57 8.1 Average percentage of females by category of peacekeeping 4.4 Women Entrepreneurs in Zimbabwe - ZNCC 2011 Survey-Types forces between January 2011 to December 2011 90 of Businesses 59 8.2 Proportion of females by category of peacekeeping forces 90 4.5 Women and men in employment 61 4.6 Employment levels of women and men across key occupations 62 4.7 Conditions of employment 63 ANNEXURE A - COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF THE CSC Chapter 5 AGAINST THE SGDI 110 5.1 CSC scores on gender based violence 66 5.2 Gender violence statistics 67 ANNEXURE B - BACKGROUND NOTE ON GENDER AND 5.3 GBV response and support 68 RELATED INDICATORS 114 Chapter 6 6.1 CSC scores on Health 74 BIBLIOGRAPHY 119 6.2 Key sexual, reproductive and health indicators 74 Chapter 7 7.1 SGDI and CSC scores for HIV and AIDS 82 7.2 Key Gender, HIV and AIDS Indicators 83 7.3 Progress in addressing care work in Zimbabwe 87 Chapter 8 8.1 SGDI and CSC scores for peace and security 89 8.2 Representation of women in the Zimbabwe National Army 90 8.3 Representation of women in the Air Force of Zimbabwe 90 8.4 Women in the police 90 8.5 Women in the prison services 90 Chapter 9 9.1 SGDI and CSC scores for media, information and communication 96 9.2 Media exposure by sex (at least once a week) 97 9.3 Summary of Gender and Media research conducted in Zimbabwe 97 9.4 Women and men in Zimbabwean media houses 99 9.5 Who speaks in the Zimbabwean media 100 Chapter 10 10.1 National gender machinery and processes 105 10.2 National Budget Allocations 106 SADC Gender Protocol 2012 Barometer • Zimbabwe 3 Acknowledgements Special thanks to Patricia A. Made who compiled and wrote the 2012 Zimbabwe Barometer. The report draws on research inputs from the 2011 Zimbabwe Barometer report prepared by Kwanele Muriel Jirira, a Commissioner with the Zimbabwe Human Rights Commission, and Tsitsi Mhlanga, an independent consultant. The Southern Africa Gender Protocol Alliance Manager Loveness Jambaya Nyakujarah edited the final report.