Cambridge University Press 0521781426 - A Geologic Time Scale 2004 Edited by Felix M. Gradstein, James G. Ogg, and Alan G. Smith Index More information Stratigraphic Index Aalenian 32, 321 Elsterian 446 Ludfordian 37, 192 Aeronian 37, 189 Eoarchean 40 Ludlow 37, 192 Albian 31, 360 Eocene 388 Lutetian 30, 388 Anisian 34, 278 Eratosthenian 144 Aptian 31, 359 Maastrichtian 31, 364 Aquitanian 30, 412 Famennian 36, 207 Marjuman 156 Archean 40, 43,131 Flandrian 446 Menapian 446 Arenig 170 Floran 154 Mesoarchean 40 Artinskian 35, 253 Frasnian 36, 207 Mesoproterozoid 45, 132 Ashgill 170 Furongian 39, Mesozoic 15, 44 Asselian 35, 250 Messinian 29, 415 Gelasian 28, 417 Middle Cambrian 39 Bajocian 32, 321 Givetian 36, 207 Middle Devonian 207 Barremian 31, 359 Gorstian 37, 192 Middle Jurassic 320 Bartonian 30, 388 Guadalupian 34, 254 Middle Miocene 414 Bashkirian 35, 230 Gzehlian 35, 233 Middle Ordovician 168 Bathonian 32, 321 Middle Permian 254 Bavelian 446 Hadean 145 Middle Pleistocene 418 Berriasian 32, 353 Hauterivian 31, 358 Middle Pliocene 416 Boomerangian 154 Hettangian 33 Middle Triassic 278 Burdigalian 29, 413 Hirnantian 38, 169 Mindyallan 154 Holocene 28, 419, 451 Miocene 29, 412 Calabrian 418 Holsteinian 446 Mississippian 35, 228 Callovian 32, 322 Homerian 37, 192 Montezuman 155 Calymmian 40 Moscovian 35, 231 Cambrian 147–164 Idamean 154 Campanian 31, 364 Imbrian 144 Nectarian 144 Capitanian 34, 254 Induan 34, 277 Neoarchean 40 Caradoc 170 Iverian 155 Neogene 409–440 Carboniferous 222–248, 222–248 Neoproterozoic 39, 132 Carnian 33, 279 Jurassic 307–343 Norian 33, 280 Cenomanian 31, 362 Cenozoic 45, 384, 457 Kasimovian 35, 232 Olenekian 34, 277 Changhsingian 34, 256 Kimmeridgian 32, 324 Oligocene 389 Chattian 30, 389 Kungurian 35, 253 Ordian 154 Cisuralian 34, 250 Ordovician 165–187 Coniacian 31, 363 Ladinian 33, 278 Ordovician stage 238, 186 Cretaceous 344–383 Langhian 29, 413 Ordovician stage 338, 186 Cromerian 446 Llandovery 37, 189 Ordovician stage 538, 169 Cryogenian 40 Llanvirn 170 Ordovician stage 638, 169 Lochkovian 36, 203, 255 Orosirian 40 Danian 30, 387 Lopingian 34 Oxfordian 32, 323 Darriwillian 186 Lower Cambrian 39, 147 Datsonian 155 Lower Carboniferous 228 Paibian 39 Delamaran 156 Lower Cretaceous 345 Paleoarchean 40 Devonian 201–222 Lower Devonian 203 Paleocene 384 Dyeran 156 Lower Jurassic 308 Paleogene 384–408 Lower Miocene 412 Paleoproterozoic 132 Eburonian 446 Lower Ordovician 166 Paleozoic 10, 44 Ectasian 40, Lower Permian 250 Payntonian 155 Ediacaran 39, 138, 146 Lower Pleistocene 418 Pennsylvanian 35 Eemian 446 Lower Pliocene 416 Permian 249–270 Eifelian 36, 207 Lower Silurian 189 Phanerozoic 44 Emsian 36, 206 Lower Triassic 277 Piacenzian 29, 416 587 © Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org Cambridge University Press 0521781426 - A Geologic Time Scale 2004 Edited by Felix M. Gradstein, James G. Ogg, and Alan G. Smith Index More information 588 Stratigraphic Index Pleistocene 28, 417, 442 Serpukhovian 35, 229 Undillan 154 Pliensbachian 33, 312 Serravallian 29, 414 Upper Cretaceous 362 Pliocene 28, 415 Sheinwoodian 37 Upper Devonian 207 Praetiglian 446 Siderian 40 Upper Jurassic 323 Pragian 36, 203 Silurian 188–201 Upper Miocene 414 Precambrian 43, 129–146 Sinemurian 33, 309 Upper Ordovician 169 Pre-Nectarian 144 Skullrockian 156 Upper Permian 255 Priabonian 30, 388 Statherian 40 Upper Pliocene 417 Pridoli 37, 192 Stenian 40 Upper Pleistocene 28, 419 Proterozoic 39, 43, 131 Sunwaptan 156 Upper Silurian 189 Upper Triassic 279 Quaternary 28, 411–412, 441 Telychian 37, 189 Templetonian 154 Valanginian 31, 354 Rhaetian 33, 280 Thanetian 30, 387 Visean 36, 229 Rhuddanian 37, 189 Tiglian 446 Waalian 446 Rhyacian 40, Tithonian 32, 325 Weichselian 446 Roadian 34, 254 Toarcian 33, 320 Wenlock 37, 191 Rupelian 30, 389 Tonian 40 Wordian 34, 254 Tortonian 29, 414 Wuchiapingian 34, 255 Saalian 446 Tournaisian 36, 228 Sakmarian 35, 253 Tremadocian 38, 170 Ypresian 30, 388 Santonian 31, 364 Triassic 271–306 Selandian 387 Turonian 31, 363 Zanclean 29, 416 © Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org Cambridge University Press 0521781426 - A Geologic Time Scale 2004 Edited by Felix M. Gradstein, James G. Ogg, and Alan G. Smith Index More information General Index acritarchs 138, 208 erathem 20-Table 2.1 orbital obliquity 56 age 20-Table 2.1 eustasy 175, 197, 213 orbital parameters 55–56 ammonites 327 orbital precession 56 ammonoid zones 208, 233, 283, 366 Foraminifera 233, 366, 390–393, 420, Table A2.3 orbital tuning 55–62, 430–434, 469 Ar-Ar method 91–94, 426 Fusulinacea 263 oxygen isotope stratigraphy 135, 196, archaeocyathan 157 427–429 atomic second 7 Global Boundary Stratotype Section and Point 21–26, 40 Pangea 223 biochron 20-Table 2.1 Global Standard Stratigraphic Age 26 Permian-Triassic boundary 276 Brachiopoda Gondwana 223 Planktonic Foraminifera 334, 367, 390, 420, Brunhes 65, GSSA 26 Table A2.3 GSSP 21–26, 40 polarity chron 20-Table 2.1, 64 calcareous nannofossils 334, 367, 393, 421, 472 Graphic Correlation 49–51, 199–200, 244–247 precession 56 Calpionellids 366 graptolites 171, 193 carbon isotope chronology 426 Gauss 65 radiolarians 234, 394, 421 carbon isotope stratigraphy 135, 196 geomathematics 106–125 Ranking and Scaling 50, 52–54 Chitinozoans 194 Gilbert 65 Rhenium-Osmium method 94–95, 337 cesium clock 7 color codes 465–468 Heinrich events 429, 450 sequence stratigraphy 236, 287, 338, 370, 424 chron 20-Table 2.1 HR-SIMS method 90–91, 177 series 20-Table 2.1 chronograms 107 SHRIMP 90, 177 composite standard 108, 244, 200, 244 Illawara Geomagnetic Reversal 263 Smaller Benthic Foraminifera 334, 393 conodonts 158, 171, 194, 208, 233, 263, 284 insolation 57 spores 208, 234 Constrained Optimization 50–52, 177–186 International Commission of Stratigraphy xvi, stage 20-Table 2.1 cross-validation 108 21, 24 straight-line fitting 109–110 Cryptochrons 65 isotope geochronology 87–95 stratigraphic uncertainty 107–108, 463 cubic smoothing spline 107–108 isotope stratigraphy 133, 136, 235, 286, 368, strontium stratigraphy 96, 175, 369, 402, cyanobacteria 138 401–403, 427–429 425 cycle stratigraphy 59–61, 212, 287, 338, 369, 403, Sr-Sr method 96–105, 134 427 J-Factor 93,113 Sulfur Isotope Stratigraphy 135–136 system 20-Table 2.1 dacrycononarid zonation 208 K-Ar method 91–92 Dansgaard-Oescher cycles 429 tektites 425 decay constants 87–88 Larger Benthic Foraminifera 392 tentaculitids 208 diatoms 421 Laskar 2003 solution 433 time scale methods 8, 106, 455, 462 dinoflagellates 358, 429, 454 Lowess Fit 100 time scale calibration methods 460 dinosaurs 327, 366 TIMS method 90 mammals 397–400, 419–420 trilobites 149–153, 157 eccentricity 56 magnetostratigraphy 63–86 Ediacaran fossils 138–139 Matuyama 65 U-Pb methods 88–91 eon 20-Table 2.1 maximum likelihood method 107 universal time 7 eonothem 20-Table 2.1 MLFR 106 ephemeris time 7 vertebrates 397–400, 419–420 epoch 20-Table 2.1 Old Red Sandstone 222 era 20-Table 2.1 orbital eccentricity 56 zone 20-Table 2.1 589 © Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org.