ISSUE 5 September 2014 www.lincoln-record-society.org.uk NEWS REVIEW Lincoln Record Society HONORARY TREASURER’S INTRODUCTION Welcome to the fifth edition of the News Review low interest cash account. This took to encourage your friends and place earlier in the year but the real colleagues to join the Society. All the benefits will not start to show until details are on our website. Apologies next year’s accounts. On August for the search facility on the website 1st the annual subscription was being out of action. We are doing our increased to £25. Those of you who best to resolve the problem. have experience in these matters will The News Review is a forum that all know that subscription increases members are welcome to contribute are not to be entered into lightly, to. In this edition we welcome new and it will take some time before all contributors Dennis Mills and of those paying by standing order Victoria Thorpe looking at life in the change to the new rate. Cathedral close in 1841 and Brian The reason for these changes is so Hodgkinson describing his work that we can expand our range of on monasticism in Lincolnshire. activities and services to members. We are also always pleased to hear Included with this News Review is from old friends. Michael Jones has Welcome to the fifth edition of the a flier for the first of our Kathleen been visiting the on-line medieval News Review. There are changes Major Series of publications, Robert archives of Brittany and Rod Ambler afoot in the Lincoln Record Society, Grosseteste as Bishop of Lincoln: The looks at Volume 4 of our publications and we would like to take this Episcopal Rolls 1235-1253, edited about parish life in the early opportunity to keep our members by Philippa Hoskin. The Kathleen eighteenth century. We were sad to up to date with how these changes Major Series and the Occasional hear that Sir James Holt, a former will affect you. The Finance and Series, which will be launched in president of the Society, passed Publications Committee are 2016, are in addition to the annual away in April, and David Crook has responsible for the day to day volume covered by members’ written a short obituary. This will management of the Society. They subscriptions. At last year’s AGM be followed by a longer piece in the are appointed by Council who have we agreed that members will pay for next News Review. Philippa Hoskin overall responsibility for the Society’s these volumes. As you will see from looks forward to our Magna Carta activities. The Council, who are the the accompanying flier, members can conference next year and our editor, Society’s trustees, are elected at the buy the Robert Grosseteste volume at Marianne Wilson, fills us in on last Annual General Meeting, which this a preferential price. We hope that you year’s book launch and this year’s year is on November 1st, and we look will support this new venture, which wartime Lincolnshire conference. forward to seeing many of you there. can only succeed if it is profitable. Details of the Society’s finances are in the Annual Report. After long We have taken the opportunity of Ken Hollamby consideration and investigation, the the change in annual subscription to Hon. Treasurer trustees decided that the Kathleen redesign the membership application Major fund would be better invested form. Membership has fallen this in the markets, rather than in the year so please do what you can 01 MEDIEVAL LINCOLNSHIRE ARCHIVES ABROAD: A NEW ONLINE RESOURCE The links between Lincolnshire and Brittany in the Middle Ages are well-known. Many years ago Sir Frank Stenton drew attention to detail on its administration in the immediate post- the settlement of Bretons, particularly in south-eastern Black Death period, including much evidence for its Lincolnshire towards the wash, after the conquest. They Lincolnshire lands. These documents have survived came as followers of a cadet branch of the ducal family at Nantes in the principal ducal archives, le Trésor des which was rewarded with the great Honour of Richmond chartes des ducs de Bretagne. The Trésor has recently been (North Yorkshire) though their most profitable estates lay entirely digitised, and can be consulted on-line at elsewhere in Eastern England. Most relevant to us, the www.loire-atlantique.fr/jcms/cg1_252737/ town of Boston itself owes its origins to them. tresor-des-chartes After the mid twelfth century, the Honour passed directly To give a hint of the archival riches that can now be into the hands of the dukes of Brittany. With occasional accessed so easily, there is a rental for the town of Boston intermissions, owing to political disputes between of 1373-4 that provides details on at least 100 named England and Brittany, the Honour remained in Breton tenants as well as indicating where properties lay, and hands until 1399, when Henry IV seized it. Even so, dukes throwing light on economic conditions (e.g. mention of or junior members of the family continued to bear the Gasconrowe with its cellars and a crane for unloading title earl of Richmond for another century and more. ships). However, to get the best out of this website a few explanatory remarks on how the Trésor is currently When I published Ducal Brittany, 1364-1399 in 1970, I structured are necessary. This will be the subject of a briefly cited a number of documents relating to the ducal second notice in the next Newsletter. estates around Boston, as well as to a Register of the LINCOLN RECORD SOCIETY RECORD LINCOLN Honour, drawn up in 1398. This provides considerable Michael Jones 02 TAKING THE CENSUS IN LINCOLN MINSTER CLOSE, 1841 Our research on this topic arises partly from the initiative described by Dr Anne Irving in Historic Lincoln Revealed, summer 2013 issue, page eight. The project is entitled Lincoln Cathedral Connected, one no less than 104 persons falling in the age groups 16-20 of the intentions being to connect the community and and 21-25. There were few children except in the two visitors more securely with the history of the building and boarding schools, institutional households containing 23 those associated with it. in a girls’ school and 18 in a boys’ school, the latter kept by George Boole, the famous mathematician. The Close originated as a walled area in which medieval cathedral clergy and administrators could lead a secluded Our grouping of household heads has produced the life – to what extent was it populated by such persons in following results: 8 clergymen, 14 other professionals or the mid-nineteenth century? The Close Wall is a good major employers, 17 living on independent means, 11 boundary to use, despite being much reduced by 1841 and tradesmen/craftsmen, 5 servants where the usual head has its course is traceable by using the first three volumes of not been traced, 2 others and 5 empty properties. Other the Civic Trust’s Survey of Ancient Houses in Lincoln. professionals included the well-known figures of Edward J Willson, architect; Robert Swan, solicitor and diocesan In 1841 the state for the first time issued a form (a registrar; and Dr Edward P Charlesworth, physician. schedule) to every household in the country through Charles Seely, corn merchant and miller, was the only large the Census Office and local registrars of births, deaths employer, later to be a substantial owner of coal mines, MP and marriages, using an army of enumerators. The latter and chairman of the House of Commons Committee on transferred the information from the householders’ Admiralty Reform in 1868. The senior clergyman included schedules to the census enumerators’ books. The the sub-dean (Thomas Manners-Sutton), but the Chancellor SOCIETY RECORD LINCOLN schedules were destroyed, but the books survived and are (George Pretyman) and the Precentor (Richard Pretyman) now accessible online. were away on census night. Other clergymen had parishes Our boundary neatly encapsulates a series of whole elsewhere, some in combination with minor cathedral posts. streets, except that in the case of Eastgate only a small The tradesmen/craftsmen included the licensee of the Black part of the street is within the Close. Fortunately the Horse at 5 Eastgate, a plumber (probably working on the enumerators troubled to record addresses methodically cathedral) and a chemist and a tailor. in the form of, say, ‘12 Eastgate’. Also, the current house numbering is very similar to that of 1841, except in James Street. Thus we were able to identify the 63 households enumerated in the Close on census night. There were two enumerators because the Close was divided between the parishes of St Mary Magdalene and St Margaret, which were used as enumeration districts. Benjamin Draper for St Mary’s was a perfumer, hairdresser and animal and bird preserver, living in Bailgate. In St Margaret’s the enumerator was George Betham, in the household of Edward Betham at 2 St Leonard’s Lane, Edward being a surveyor, including to the Dean and Chapter. Charles Seely, Courtesy of Daphne Denaro, Oscar Gustav Rejlander, a Census night was 6-7 June, rather than a date around www.brookvillagehistory.co.uk self portrait from Wikipedia 31 March and Easter that had been used before (and always since). Easter was a period of the year when most In the Lincoln public health debate of 1849-50, when boarding school pupils and college students were at the City Council proposed to install a comprehensive home on vacation, and few people were working away, underground sewerage scheme, Swan (Tory), and Seely or on holiday, or in London for the ‘season’.
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