NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF WATER AND ATMOSPHERIC RESEARCH (NIWA) The Marine Fauna of New Zealand: Isopoda, Aegidae (Crustacea) Niel L. Bruce Marine Biodiversity and Biosecurity National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research Ltd Private Bag 14901, Kilbirnie Wellington, New Zealand Present address: Museum of Tropical Queensland Queensland Museum and School of Marine and Tropical Biology James Cook University 70–102 Flinders Street, Townsville 4810, Australia [email protected] NIWA Biodiversity Memoir 22 2009 Cataloguing in Publication BRUCE, N. L. The marine fauna of New Zealand: Isopoda, Aegidae (Crustacea) / by Niel L. Bruce—Wellington: NIWA (National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research Ltd), 2009 (NIWA Biodiversity Memoir, ISSN 74-0043; 22) ISBN 978–0–478–23284–4 Series Editor: Dennis P. Gordon Copy edited and typeset by: Geoff Gregory, Word Therapy, Paraparaumu Printed and bound by: Graphic Press & Packaging Ltd, Levin Received for publication—12 March 2008 NIWA Copyright 2009 2 NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF WATER AND ATMOSPHERIC RESEARCH (NIWA) The Marine Fauna of New Zealand: Isopoda, Aegidae (Crustacea) Niel L. Bruce Marine Biodiversity and Biosecurity National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research Ltd Private Bag 14901, Kilbirnie Wellington, New Zealand Present address: Museum of Tropical Queensland Queensland Museum and School of Marine and Tropical Biology James Cook University 70-102 Flinders Street, Townsville 4810, Australia [email protected] ABSTRACT The isopod family Aegidae of the New Zealand Exclusive Economic Zone is monographed. Six genera are present in the region: Aega Leach, 85 with eight species, Aegapheles gen. nov. with seven species, Aegiochus Bovallius, 885 with 6, Epulaega gen. nov. with two, Rocinela Leach, 88 with nine, and Syscenus Harger, 1880 with five species. Thirty-nine of the 45 species are named, including two new species of Aega, two new species of Aegapheles, nine new species of Aegiochus, six new species of Rocinela, and one each of Epulaega gen. nov. and Syscenus; all but seven species are new records for the New Zealand marine fauna. Sixteen of the named species, approximately 40%, are endemic, but that figure is likely to drop, as many other large species are known to have extended distributions. Three species are removed from the New Zealand fauna: Aega novizealandiae Dana, 853 and Aega cyclops Haswell, 1881 are regarded as nomina dubia and or misidentifications;Rocinela orientalis Schioedte & Meinert, 879b is regarded as an uncorroborated record. The Barybrotidae is reinstated to family rank. A phylogenetic analysis of Aega was conducted using PAUP*, and a new generic classification is proposed, withAegiochus Bovallius, 885 revalidated, the subgenus Rhamphion Brusca, 983 placed in synonymy with Aegiochus, and two new genera, Aegapheles gen. nov. and Epulaega gen. nov., described. To allow clear characterisation of certain New Zealand species, it was necessary to partially redescribe some Southern Ocean species: Aegiochus crozetensis (Kussakin & Vasina, 982), Aegiochus uschakovi (Kussakin, 967), and Aega punctulata Miers, 1881; descriptive notes and figures are also provided forAega angustata Whitelegge, 90, Aegiochus plebeia (Hansen, 895) and Syscenus intermedius Richardson, 1910. Supplementary description and figures are given for the Antarctic species Aegiochus antarctica (Hodgson, 90) and Aegiochus glacialis (Tattersall, 92). Placed in synonymy are: Aega edwardsii Dollfus, 89 (= A. punctulata), Aega giganteoculata Nunomura, 988 (= Aegiochus vigilans (Haswell, 88)), Aega koltuni Kussakin, 967 (= Aegiochus antarctica (Hodgson, 90)) and Syscenus pacificus Nunomura, 98 (= Syscenus latus Richardson, 909); Aega tumida Nunomura, 988 is considered to be indistinguishable from Aegiochus spongiophila (Semper, 867). Species brought out of synonymy are: Aega punctulata Miers, 88 and Aega urotoma Barnard, 94. Keys are provided to the marine genera and to the named New Zealand species. Keywords: Isopoda, Aegidae, Aega, Aegapheles gen. nov., Aegiochus, Epulaega gen. nov., Rocinela, Syscenus, systematics, tax- onomy, new genera, new species, phylogenetic analysis, New Zealand Exclusive Economic Zone, Southwest Pacific, Southern Ocean, Antarctic 3 Frontispiece: Upper left: Aegapheles mahana sp. nov. Upper right: Aega monophthalma Johnston, 834. Lower: Aegapheles mahana sp. nov. 4 CONTENTS ABSTRACT .............................................................................................................................................................3 INTRODUCTION .................................................................................................................................................7 THE NEW ZEALAND AEGID FAUNA ............................................................................................................8 MATERIAL AND METHODS ............................................................................................................................9 MORPHOLOGY .................................................................................................................................................. FOSSIL AEGIDAE ...............................................................................................................................................5 PHYLOGENY ......................................................................................................................................................5 TAXONOMY .......................................................................................................................................................25 Suborder Cymothoida Wägele, 989 ..........................................................................................................25 Revalidation and diagnosis of Barybrotidae Hansen, 890 .....................................................................25 Aegidae White, 850 ......................................................................................................................................26 Key to the marine genera of Aegidae ......................................................................................................26 Genus Aega Leach, 85 .............................................................................................................................27 Key to the New Zealand species of Aega .............................................................................................28 Aega falklandica Kussakin, 967 (Figs 8–) .........................................................................................28 Aega komai Bruce, 996 (Figs 2, 3) .....................................................................................................34 Aega monophthalma Johnston, 834 (Figs 4–8) .................................................................................37 Aega semicarinata Miers, 875 (Figs 9–22) ..........................................................................................44 Aega stevelowei sp. nov. (Figs 23–26) .....................................................................................................50 Aega urotoma Barnard, 94 (Figs 27–30) .............................................................................................55 Aega whanui sp. nov. (Figs 3–33) .........................................................................................................6 Aega sp. .....................................................................................................................................................65 Aegapheles gen. nov. ...................................................................................................................................65 Key to the New Zealand species of Aegapheles ...................................................................................65 Aegapheles alazon (Bruce, 2004) comb. nov. (Fig. 34) ..........................................................................66 Aegapheles birubi (Bruce, 2004) comb. nov. (Fig. 35) ...........................................................................68 Aegapheles copidis sp. nov. (Figs 36, 37) ................................................................................................70 Aegapheles hamiota (Bruce, 2004) comb. nov. (Fig. 38) ........................................................................73 Aegapheles mahana sp. nov. (Figs 39–4) ...............................................................................................75 Aegapheles rickbruscai (Bruce, 2004) comb. nov. (Fig. 42) ...................................................................79 Aegapheles umpara (Bruce, 2004) comb. nov. (Fig. 43) ........................................................................8 Genus Aegiochus Bovallius, 885 ..............................................................................................................83 Key to the New Zealand species of Aegiochus ....................................................................................84 Aegiochus beri (Bruce, 983), comb. nov. (Figs 44, 45) ........................................................................85 Aegiochus bertrandi sp. nov. (Figs 46–48) ..............................................................................................88 Aegiochus coroo (Bruce, 983), comb. nov. (Figs 49–0) ......................................................................93 Aegiochus gordoni sp. nov. (Figs 52–55) ................................................................................................97