AP Psych Ch. 12 (Personality) SG Important things to note about this test: -Maslow’s hierarchy of needs will not be on the test at all -psychodynamic and psychoanalytic are sometimes used interchangeably -80% of the test (if not more) is coming from the first two sections of the notes 1. Define personality: 2. Be familiar with the iceberg comparison of Freud’s idea of the mind. 3. What is the difference between the conscious, preconscious and the unconscious? 4. What is the difference between the id, ego and superego? You need to know the definitions as well as how to apply them! 5. According to Freud, the last component of an individual's personality to develop is the _____________. 6. What is Freud's term for the executive of the personality that has a realistic plan for obtaining gratification of an individual's desires? 7. According to Freud, during what developmental stage did the Oedipus/Electra complex occur? 8. If a traumatic event happened during the oral stage, what would the resulting fixation look like? How would one behave as a result? 9. Freud’s psychodynamic theory of personality emphasizes: 10. To explain why we do things that we cannot explain, Freud used the concept of: 11. What is free association? 12. As children learn they must follow rules and regulations in satisfying their wishes, they develop: (id, ego or superego) 13. According to Freud, what is the preconscious? 14. What is the difference between the Oedipus and Electra complexes? 15. A defense mechanism is best defined by Freud as: 16. What are the defense mechanisms that Freud identified? Make sure to know these in detail!! 17. Which neo-Freudian viewed personality disturbances as resulting from the feelings of inferiority all people share? 18. According to Carl Jung, the collective unconscious consists of: 19. What are projective tests? Be able to describe each of these mentioned in the notes. 20. Which theory of personality emphasizes the value and importance of unconditional positive regard with regard to relationships? 21. What would be an example of unconditional positive regard? 22. What are the criticisms of the projective personality tests? 23. In Carl Roger’s theory, our perception of our abilities, behaviors, and characteristics is known as ____________________. 24. How would you summarize Carl Roger’s view of personality? 25. Define the trait theory. 26. How many source traits did Raymond Cattell discover through the process of factor analysis? 27. The “Big Five” personality characteristics are: 28. The most commonly used personality inventory is the _____________________________. 29. What is self-efficacy? (specifically according to Albert Bandura) 30. In Rogerian theory, the process by which human beings attain their full creativity and potential is termed? 31. Which personality theorists were psychodynamic in their approach? Horney, Jung, Adler, Erikson, etc. 32. What is the difference in internal and external locus of control? Be able to select examples of both. 33. Albert Bandura’s notion that people are affected by their environment but can also influence that environment is known as _______________________. 34. Emotional, cognitive, and behavioral tendencies that constitute underlying personality dimensions on which individuals vary are referred to as .