UNITED NATIONS SC UNEP/POPS/POPRC.8/INF/17 Distr.: General 15 August 2012 English only Stockholm Convention on Persistent Organic Pollutants Persistent Organic Pollutants Review Committee Eighth meeting Geneva, 15–19 October 2012 Item 5 (g) of the provisional agenda* Technical work: assessment of alternatives to perfluorooctane sulfonic acid in open applications Technical paper on the identification and assessment of alternatives to the use of perfluorooctane sulfonic acid in open applications Note by the Secretariat 1. In paragraph 6 of decision SC-5/5, the Conference of the Parties to the Stockholm Convention requested the Secretariat, subject to the availability of resources, to commission a technical paper on the identification and assessment of alternatives to the use of perfluorooctane sulfonic acid in open applications for consideration by the Persistent Organic Pollutants Review Committee at its eighth meeting. 2. That technical paper has been prepared, with financial support provided by the Government of Norway, on the basis of the terms of reference and an outline developed by the Committee at its seventh meeting. It is set out in the annex to the present note, where it is presented without formal editing. * UNEP/POPS/POPRC.8/1. K1282361 110912 UNEP/POPS/POPRC.8/INF/17 Annex Technical paper on the identification and assessment of alternatives to the use of perfluorooctane sulfonic acid in open applications 2 UNEP/POPS/POPRC.8/INF/17 Table of contents Executive summary.......................................................................................................................................................... 6 1 Background and introduction .................................................................................................................................. 7 2 Objectives................................................................................................................................................................ 7 3 Methodology ........................................................................................................................................................... 7 4 Identification and description of alternatives .......................................................................................................... 8 4.1 Aviation hydraulic fluids................................................................................................................................8 4.1.1 Identity and properties of the alternatives ..................................................................................................9 4.1.2 Type of uses, quantities, producers, and traders.........................................................................................9 4.1.3 Risks, taking into account the characteristics of potential persistent organic pollutants as specified in Annex D to the Convention.....................................................................................................................................9 4.2 Fire fighting foams .........................................................................................................................................9 4.2.1 Identity and properties of the alternatives ................................................................................................10 4.2.2 Type of uses, quantities, producers, and traders.......................................................................................10 4.2.3 Risks, taking into account the characteristics of potential persistent organic pollutants as specified in Annex D to the Convention...................................................................................................................................10 4.3 Pesticides (insect baits for control of leaf-cutting ants from Atta spp. and Acromyrmex spp. and insecticides for control of red imported fire ants and termites).....................................................................................................11 4.3.1 Identity and properties of the alternatives ................................................................................................11 4.3.2 Type of uses, quantities, producers, and traders.......................................................................................12 4.3.3 Risks, taking into account the characteristics of potential persistent organic pollutants as specified in Annex D to the Convention...................................................................................................................................12 4.4 Metal plating (hard metal plating and decorative plating)............................................................................12 4.4.1 Identity and properties of the alternatives ................................................................................................13 4.4.2 Type of uses, quantities, producers, and traders.......................................................................................13 4.4.3 Risks, taking into account the characteristics of potential persistent organic pollutants as specified in Annex D to the Convention...................................................................................................................................13 4.5 Electric and electronic parts for some color printers and color copy machines............................................14 4.5.1 Identity and properties of the alternatives ................................................................................................14 4.5.2 Type of uses, quantities, producers, and traders.......................................................................................14 4.5.3 Risks, taking into account the characteristics of potential persistent organic pollutants as specified in Annex D to the Convention...................................................................................................................................14 4.6 Chemically driven oil production .................................................................................................................14 4.6.1 Identity and properties of the alternatives ................................................................................................15 4.6.2 Risks, taking into account the characteristics of potential persistent organic pollutants as specified in Annex D to the Convention...................................................................................................................................15 4.7 Carpets, leather, apparel, textiles and upholstery .........................................................................................15 4.7.1 Identity and properties of the alternatives ................................................................................................16 4.7.2 Type of uses, quantities, producers, and traders.......................................................................................16 4.7.3 Risks, taking into account the characteristics of potential persistent organic pollutants as specified in Annex D to the Convention...................................................................................................................................16 3 UNEP/POPS/POPRC.8/INF/17 4.8 Paper and packaging.....................................................................................................................................18 4.8.1 Identity and properties of the alternatives ................................................................................................19 4.8.2 Risks, taking into account the characteristics of potential persistent organic pollutants as specified in Annex D to the Convention...................................................................................................................................19 4.9 Rubber and plastics.......................................................................................................................................20 4.9.1 Identity and properties of the alternatives ................................................................................................20 4.9.2 Risks, taking into account the characteristics of potential persistent organic pollutants as specified in Annex D to the Convention...................................................................................................................................20 4.10 Coating and coating additives.......................................................................................................................20 4.10.1 Identity and properties of the alternatives............................................................................................21 4.10.2 Type of uses, quantities, producers, and traders ..................................................................................21 4.10.3 Risks, taking into account the characteristics of potential persistent organic pollutants as specified in Annex D to the Convention...................................................................................................................................21 4.11 Others ...........................................................................................................................................................22 4.11.1 Information from Estonia.....................................................................................................................22 4.11.2 Information from Norway....................................................................................................................22